Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 12, Shloka 5

Adhyaya 12 — The Son Describes the Narakas: Mahāraurava, Tamas, Nikṛntana, Apratiṣṭha, Asipatravana, and Taptakumbha

Sanskrit

तत्तापतप्ता सर्वाशा प्रोद्यदिन्दुसमप्रभा ।

विभात्यतिमहारौद्रा दर्शनस्पर्शनादिषु ॥

Transliteration

tattāpataptā sarvāśā prodyad-indu-samaprabhā /

vibhāty ati-mahā-raudrā darśana-sparśanādiṣu

Translation

ထိုအပူကြောင့် အရပ်ရပ်မှ လောင်ကျွမ်းကာ ထွန်းလင်း၍ တက်လာသော လမင်းကဲ့သို့ တောက်ပသော်လည်း မြင်ရခြင်း၊ ထိတွေ့ခြင်း စသဖြင့် အလွန်ကြောက်မက်ဖွယ် ဖြစ်သည်။

Word by Word

• tat-tāpa-taptā: heated by that heat
• tat-tāpa-taptā: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + tāpa (प्रातिपदिक) + tap (धातु) → taptā (कृदन्त)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); past passive participle (क्त/कृदन्त) from √tap (तप्) 'heated'; compound sense: 'heated by that heat'

• sarvā: all
• sarvā: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying 'āśā'

• āśā: direction/region
• āśā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āśā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• prodyat-indu-sama-prabhā: having a glow like the rising moon
• prodyat-indu-sama-prabhā: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prodyat (कृदन्त) + indu (प्रातिपदिक) + sama (प्रातिपदिक) + prabhā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); multi-member compound: 'having radiance like the rising moon' (उपमान-तत्पुरुष)

• vibhāti: shines, appears radiant
• vibhāti: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhā (भा)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• ati-mahā-raudrā: exceedingly very fierce
• ati-mahā-raudrā: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ati (अव्यय) + mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + raudra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); intensifying prefix ati-; qualifying 'āśā'

• darśana-sparśana-ādiṣu: in (its) sight, touch, and the like
• darśana-sparśana-ādiṣu: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Domain)
• Type: Noun
• Root: darśana (प्रातिपदिक) + sparśana (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन); dvandva with ādi 'etc.' meaning 'in seeing, touching, etc.'

Speakers

• Unspecified in provided excerpt

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Karma-phala
• Afterlife
• Ethical causality

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Pleasant appearance can conceal harmful reality; moral discernment is required, as karmic suffering may be alluring in form yet destructive in experience.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Didactic-ethical extension attached to cosmological mapping; not Sarga/Pratisarga proper, but a moralized cosmography used to teach Dharma.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘moonlike’ sheen suggests the deceptive coolness of ignorance: what seems soothing to the deluded mind becomes torment upon contact—an allegory for attachment.