Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 3

Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)

भीष्म उवाच राजवृत्तं महाराज शृणुष्वावहितो5खिलम्‌ । यत्‌ कार्य पार्थिवेनादौ पार्थिवप्रकृतेन वा

bhīṣma uvāca rājavṛttaṃ mahārāja śṛṇuṣvāvahito 'khilam | yat kāryaṃ pārthivenādau pārthivaprakṛtena vā ||

ဘီရှ္မက ပြောသည်– «မဟာရာဇာ၊ နန်းတော်အုပ်ချုပ်ရေး၏ အကျင့်အကြံ အစဉ်အလာတစ်ရပ်လုံးကို သတိပြု၍ နားထောင်လော့။ အုပ်စိုးသူက အစဉ်အလာအရ ပထမဦးစွာ လုပ်သင့်သည့်အရာကိုလည်းကောင်း၊ ထို့အတူ သဘာဝနှင့် တာဝန်အရ ဘုရင့်အမှုကို ထမ်းဆောင်၍ ရာဇဝတ္တရားများကို ဆောင်ရွက်ရန် သင့်တော်သူက လုပ်သင့်သည့်အရာကိုလည်းကောင်း ငါ ပြောမည်။»

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
राजवृत्तम्royal conduct / duties of a king
राजवृत्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजवृत्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
शृणुष्वlisten
शृणुष्व:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Atmanepada
आवहितःattentive
आवहितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootआवहित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अखिलम्entirely; the whole (of it)
अखिलम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअखिल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यत्which; what
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कार्यम्duty; what is to be done
कार्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
पार्थिवेनby a king
पार्थिवेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
आदौat first; in the beginning
आदौ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआदि
पार्थिवप्रकृतेनby one having the nature/temperament of a king
पार्थिवप्रकृतेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिवप्रकृति
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
Mahārāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma frames the start of his instruction on rājadharma: a king (and those acting in royal capacity) must first learn and follow the complete discipline of proper governance, approached with careful attention and seriousness.

In the Shanti Parva’s post-war instruction, Bhishma addresses Yudhishthira and begins laying out the principles of statecraft and ethical kingship, asking him to listen closely as he explains what a ruler should do first.