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Shloka 13

कालनिर्देशः शोकनिवारणं च

Instruction on Kāla and the Removal of Grief

शरणागतसंत्यागो भृत्यस्यथाभरणं तथा । रसानां विक्रयश्षापि तिर्यग्योनिवधस्तथा,दक्षिणानामदानं च ब्राह्मणस्वाभिमर्शनम्‌ । सर्वाण्येतान्यकार्याणि प्राहुर्धमविदो जना:

śaraṇāgata-santyāgo bhṛtyasyāthābharaṇaṃ tathā | rasānāṃ vikrayaś cāpi tiryag-yoni-vadhas tathā, dakṣiṇānām adānaṃ ca brāhmaṇa-svābhimarśanam | sarvāṇy etāny akāryāṇi prāhur dharmavido janāḥ ||

ဗျာသက «ခိုလှုံလာသူကို စွန့်ပစ်ခြင်း၊ မိမိအပေါ် မူတည်နေသော အလုပ်သမား/ကျွန်ကို သင့်တော်သလို မထောက်ပံ့ မကာကွယ်ခြင်း၊ မူးယစ်စေသော သို့မဟုတ် အာရုံခံစားမှုကို လှုံ့ဆော်သော အရည်အမျိုးမျိုးကို ရောင်းဝယ်ခြင်း၊ တိရစ္ဆာန်လောကရှိ သတ္တဝါများကို သတ်ဖြတ်ခြင်း၊ ထုံးတမ်းအရ ပေးရမည့် ဒါနများ (အထူးသဖြင့် ယဇ္ဉတွင် ပေးရမည့်) ကို မပေးခြင်း၊ ဗြာဟ္မဏကို ထိပါးစော်ကားခြင်း—ဓမ္မကို အမှန်တကယ် သိသူတို့က ဤအရာအားလုံးကို မလုပ်သင့်သော အမှုများဟု ကြေညာကြသည်» ဟု ဆို၏။

शरणागतof one who has sought refuge
शरणागत:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootशरणागत
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
संत्यागःabandonment
संत्यागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंत्याग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भृत्यस्यof a servant
भृत्यस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootभृत्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अथand/also/then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
आभरणम्support/maintenance (lit. bearing, sustenance)
आभरणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआभरण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
रसानाम्of juices/flavors (liquids, essences)
रसानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootरस
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
विक्रयःsale
विक्रयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविक्रय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्वापिa dog too
श्वापि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तिर्यग्योनिवधःkilling of animals (those of the animal womb)
तिर्यग्योनिवधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतिर्यग्योनिवध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
दक्षिणानाम्of gifts/fees (dakṣiṇās)
दक्षिणानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootदक्षिणा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
अदानम्non-giving, withholding
अदानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ब्राह्मणस्वाभिमर्शनम्assault/insult of a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणस्वाभिमर्शनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मणस्वाभिमर्शन
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सर्वाणिall
सर्वाणि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
एतानिthese
एतानि:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
अकार्याणिimproper acts, things not to be done
अकार्याणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअकार्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
प्राहुःthey declare/say
प्राहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+अह्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural
धर्मविदःknowers of dharma
धर्मविदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
B
brāhmaṇa
B
bhṛtya
Ś
śaraṇāgata
T
tiryag-yoni (animals)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is expressed through specific restraints: never betray one who seeks refuge, fulfill obligations to dependents, avoid harmful/exploitative trade, refrain from needless violence toward animals, honor ritual and charitable dues (dakṣiṇā), and never commit outrage against a brāhmaṇa. These are labeled akṛtya/akārya—actions that must be avoided.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous conduct, Vyāsa enumerates concrete examples of prohibited behavior. The verse functions as a didactic list, defining what ‘knowers of dharma’ condemn, thereby guiding the listener toward social responsibility, non-violence, and reverence for sacred persons and obligations.