Shloka 5

Dharma-Pramāṇa-Vicāra: The Elusiveness of Dharma and the Limits of Rule-Lists

Devanagari script

स्वपतां जाग्रतां चैष सर्वेषामात्मचिन्तितम्‌ | प्रधानाद्वैधमुक्तानां जहतां कर्मजं रज:

Transliteration

svapatāṁ jāgratāṁ caiṣa sarveṣām ātma-cintitam | pradhānād vaidhā-muktānāṁ jahatāṁ karma-jaṁ rajaḥ ||

Translation

ဗျာသက မိန့်ကြားသည်—ယောဂ၏ အင်အားဖြင့် ကမ္မမှ ပေါက်ဖွားသော ရဇဿ (rajas)၊ အလိုတဏှာ စသည်တို့ကို စွန့်လွှတ်ပြီး၊ ထို့ပြင် ပရဓာန (Pradhāna) ဟူသော မူလသဘာဝနှင့် ကိုယ်တိုင်တူညီသတ်မှတ်ခြင်းမှလည်း လွတ်မြောက်ပြီးသော ယောဂီတို့အတွက် အတ္တ (self) သည် အချိန်မရွေး သူတို့၏ အာဏာအောက်၌ တည်မြဲစွာ ရှိနေသည်—အိပ်နေစဉ်လည်းကောင်း၊ နိုးနေစဉ်လည်းကောင်း၊ နေ့ဖြစ်စေ ညဖြစ်စေ၊ စိတ်သည် မည်သို့သော အခြေအနေ၌ ပါဝင်နေစေကာမူ တူညီစွာပင် ဖြစ်သည်။

Word by Word

• स्वपताम्: of those who are sleeping
• स्वपताम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्वप्
• Form: शतृ (वर्तमानकाले), पुं, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• जाग्रताम्: of those who are awake
• जाग्रताम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: जागृ
• Form: शतृ (वर्तमानकाले), पुं, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एषः: this (one/this self)
• एषः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: पुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सर्वेषाम्: of all
• सर्वेषाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: पुं/नपुं, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• आत्मचिन्तितम्: thought of/pondered in oneself
• आत्मचिन्तितम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आत्मन् + चिन्तित
• Form: क्त (भूतकर्मणि), नपुं, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• प्रधानात्: from Pradhāna (primordial nature)
• प्रधानात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रधान
• Form: नपुं, पञ्चमी, एकवचन

• वै: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै

• इधम्: here/this way (reading uncertain)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इधम्

• उक्तानाम्: of those who are said/called
• उक्तानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: क्त (भूतकर्मणि), पुं, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• जहताम्: of those who abandon
• जहताम्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: हाः
• Form: शतृ (वर्तमानकाले), पुं, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• कर्मजम्: born of action
• कर्मजम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कर्मन् + ज
• Form: नपुं, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• रजः: rajas (passion/dust)
• रजः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रजस्
• Form: नपुं, द्वितीया/प्रथमा, एकवचन

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyāsa
• Ātman (Self)
• Pradhāna (primordial Nature/Prakṛti)
• Rajas

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A perfected yogin transcends action-born rajas (desire-driven agitation) and even identification with Pradhāna (Nature). As a result, the Self remains steady and mastered in every condition—sleeping or waking—showing true inner freedom rather than situational calm.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on liberation-oriented disciplines, Vyāsa describes the hallmark of advanced yogins: through yoga they abandon the rajas arising from karma and become free from Nature-based identification, so their inner self remains consistently controlled across day/night and sleep/wake states.