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Shloka 24

Doṣa-Parīkṣā and Guṇa-Viveka

Examination of Faults and Discernment of the Guṇas

पुरुष: प्रकृतिर्बुद्धि्विषयाश्रेन्द्रियाणि च । अहंकारो5भिमानश्व समूहो भूतसंज्ञक:

puruṣaḥ prakṛtir buddhir viṣayāś cendriyāṇi ca | ahaṅkāro ’bhimānaś ca samūho bhūtasaṃjñakaḥ ||

ဘီရှ္မက ပြောသည်– ပုရုရှ (ဝိညာဉ်), ပရကృతိ, ဗုဒ္ဓိ (ဉာဏ်), အာရုံငါးပါး, အင်ဒြိယာ ဆယ်ပါး, အဟင်ကာရ (အတ္တခံယူမှု) နှင့် မဟာဘူတဟု ခေါ်သော ဓာတ်စုစည်းမှု—ဤ ၂၅ တတ္တဝါတို့၏ ပေါင်းစည်းမှုကိုပင် “သတ္တဝါ” ဟု ဆိုကြသည်။ ဤဖွဲ့စည်းပုံကို ခွဲခြားသိမြင်လျှင် ကိုယ်နှင့် စိတ်အပေါ် အလွန်အကျွံသတ်မှတ်မှုကို ကျော်လွန်၍ တည်ငြိမ်မှု၊ ထိန်းချုပ်မှုနှင့် မှန်ကန်သောကျင့်ဝတ်ကို ထောက်ပံ့ပေးသည်။

पुरुषःthe person/self (puruṣa)
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रकृतिःnature (prakṛti)
प्रकृतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
बुद्धिःintellect
बुद्धिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
विषयाःsense-objects
विषयाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविषय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इन्द्रियाणिsense-organs/faculties
इन्द्रियाणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अहंकारःego-sense
अहंकारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअहंकार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभिमानःself-conceit/identification
अभिमानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअभिमान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
समूहःaggregate/collection
समूहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसमूह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूतसंज्ञकःcalled/termed 'bhūta' (living being)
भूतसंज्ञकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभूतसंज्ञक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (speaker)
P
puruṣa
P
prakṛti
B
buddhi
V
viṣayas (sense-objects)
I
indriyas (sense-faculties)
A
ahaṅkāra
A
abhimāna
B
bhūtas/mahābhūtas (great elements)

Educational Q&A

The verse defines the ‘living being’ as an aggregate of twenty-five Sāṅkhya principles—consciousness (puruṣa) plus the evolutes of nature (prakṛti): intellect, egoity/identification, the sense-objects, the sense-faculties, and the elemental aggregate. The ethical implication is that recognizing these as components helps one dis-identify from them and act with steadiness and restraint.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and liberation-oriented wisdom. Here he shifts into a Sāṅkhya-style analysis, enumerating the constituents of embodied existence to support discernment (viveka) and inner peace after the war.