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Shloka 29

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

यदेकरात्रेण करोति पाप॑ निकृष्टवर्ण ब्राह्मण: सेवमान: । स्थानासनाभ्यां विहरन्‌ व्रती स त्रिभिर्वर्ष: शमयेदात्मपापम्‌

yad ekarātreṇa karoti pāpaṁ nikṛṣṭavarṇa brāhmaṇaḥ sevamānaḥ | sthānāsanābhyāṁ viharan vratī sa tribhir varṣaiḥ śamayet ātmapāpam ||

ဘိဿမက ပြောသည်။ ဗြာဟ္မဏတစ်ဦးက အဆင့်နိမ့်သော လူတစ်ယောက်ကို တစ်ညတည်းပင် ဝန်ဆောင်လျှင်၊ သို့မဟုတ် တစ်နေရာတည်းတွင် အတူနေခြင်း၊ တစ်အာသနတည်းတွင် အတူထိုင်ခြင်းဖြင့် ပေါင်းသင်းလျှင် သီလပိုင်းဆိုင်ရာ အညစ်အကြေးတစ်ရပ်ကို ခံရသည်။ စည်းကမ်းဝတ် (ဝြတ) ကို ထိန်းသိမ်းကာ မြေပြင်ပေါ် လှည့်လည်သွားလာနေထိုင်ခြင်းဖြင့် ထိုအပြစ်ကို သုံးနှစ်အတွင်း ငြိမ်းသတ်၍ ဖယ်ရှားနိုင်သည်။

यत्that (sin) which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एकरात्रेणby (spending) one night
एकरात्रेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootएकरात्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
करोतिdoes / incurs
करोति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
पापम्sin
पापम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
निकृष्टवर्णम्a person of low caste
निकृष्टवर्णम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनिकृष्टवर्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सेवमानःserving
सेवमानः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसेवमान
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Parasmai (active sense)
स्थानासनाभ्याम्by (sharing) place and seat
स्थानासनाभ्याम्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्थानासन
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Dual
विहरन्wandering / moving about
विहरन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootविहरन्त्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
व्रतीone observing a vow
व्रती:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्रतिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्रिभिःby three
त्रिभिः:
Karana
TypeNumeral
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
वर्षैःyears
वर्षैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
शमयेत्should pacify / remove
शमयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootशम्
FormOptative (विधिलिङ्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
आत्मपापम्his own sin
आत्मपापम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मपाप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Brahmin (brāhmaṇa)
P
Person of nikṛṣṭa-varṇa (degraded social status)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a dharma-śāstric idea of moral taint arising from intimate association (service, sharing place/seat) with someone deemed socially degraded, and prescribes a specific prāyaścitta: sustained vow-observance and wandering for three years to neutralize the incurred sin.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and expiation, Bhishma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira by citing a rule-like statement: even brief association can generate demerit under certain purity norms, and he states the corresponding remedy and its duration.