Shloka 39

Daṇḍa-svarūpa-nirūpaṇa

The Nature, Forms, and Function of Daṇḍa

Devanagari script

बालो>प्यबाल: स्थविरो रिपुर्य: सदा प्रमत्तं पुरुषं निहन्यात्‌ | कालेनान्यस्तस्य मूलं हरेत कालज्ञाता पार्थिवानां वरिष्ठ:

Transliteration

bālo ’py abālaḥ sthaviro ripur yaḥ sadā pramattaṃ puruṣaṃ nihanyāt | kālenānyas tasya mūlaṃ haret kālajñātā pārthivānāṃ variṣṭhaḥ ||

Translation

ဘီရှ္မက ပြောသည်။ ရန်သူသည် ကလေးဖြစ်စေ၊ မကလေးဖြစ်စေ—ငယ်ရွယ်သူဖြစ်စေ အိုမင်းသူဖြစ်စေ—အမြဲမသတိထားသော လူကို ဖျက်ဆီးနိုင်သည်။ ထို့ပြင် အချိန်ကောင်းကို ရရှိသော အခြားရန်သူတစ်ဦးကလည်း ဘုရင်ကို အမြစ်မှပင် ဆွဲထုတ်ပစ်နိုင်သည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် အချိန်ကို သိ၍ အချိန်နှင့်အညီ လုပ်ဆောင်နိုင်သူသည် အုပ်ချုပ်သူတို့အနက် အမြတ်ဆုံး ဖြစ်သည်။

Word by Word

• बालः: a child
• बालः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अपि: even/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• अबालः: not a child (i.e., a youth/adult)
• अबालः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अबाल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• स्थविरः: an old man
• स्थविरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्थविर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• रिपुः: enemy
• रिपुः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: रिपु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सदा: always
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सदा

• प्रमत्तम्: careless, negligent
• प्रमत्तम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रमत्त
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• पुरुषम्: a man/person
• पुरुषम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• निहन्यात्: would/should kill, strike down
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन् (नि + हन्)
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• कालेन: by/with time; at the right time
• कालेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• अन्यः: another (person)
• अन्यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अन्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तस्य: of him/of that (man/king)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• मूलम्: root; foundation
• मूलम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मूल
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• हरेत: would/should take away, remove
• Type: Verb
• Root: हृ
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• कालज्ञाता: knower of time/opportunity
• कालज्ञाता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कालज्ञातृ (काल + ज्ञातृ)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पार्थिवानाम्: of kings
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थिव
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• वरिष्ठः: the best, most excellent
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वरिष्ठ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• enemy (ripu)
• king/ruler (pārthiva)