Shloka 9

Nakula’s Engagement with Citra-sena and Karṇa’s Sons; Śalya Re-stabilizes the Kaurava Host

Devanagari script

तथा च रथिन क्रुद्धं विकिरन्तं शरान्‌ बहून्‌ । नागा जघ्नुर्महाराज परिवार्य समन्ततः

Transliteration

tathā ca rathinaṁ kruddhaṁ vikirantaṁ śarān bahūn | nāgā jaghnur mahārāja parivārya samantataḥ ||

Translation

သဉ္ဇယက ပြောသည်– မဟာဘုရင်အရှင်၊ ထို့နောက် ဒေါသထန်သော ဆင်အချို့သည် မြားများစွာကို ဒေါသဖြင့် ပစ်ချနေသော ရထားစစ်သည်တစ်ဦးကို အရပ်လေးမျက်နှာမှ ဝိုင်းရံကာ သတ်ဖြတ်ကြ၏။

Word by Word

• तथा: thus, in that manner
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• रथिनम्: the chariot-warrior
• रथिनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथिन्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• क्रुद्धम्: angry
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुद्ध
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• विकिरन्तम्: scattering, showering
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि√कॄ (किरति)
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• शरान्: arrows
• शरान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• बहून्: many
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• नागाः: elephants
• नागाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाग
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• जघ्नुः: slew, killed
• Type: Verb
• Root: √हन्
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada

• महाराज: O great king
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाराज
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• परिवार्य: having surrounded
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि√वृ (वृणोति/वर्तते) / परि√वृ (to surround)
• Form: Absolutive (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय, ल्यप्), Parasmaipada (usage)

• समन्ततः: on all sides, all around
• समन्ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: समन्ततः

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'mahārāja')
• rathin (an unnamed chariot-warrior)
• nāgāḥ (war-elephants)
• śarāḥ (arrows)
• ratha (chariot, implied)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the battlefield reality that anger and concentrated collective force can swiftly overpower even a skilled individual. Ethically, it points to the destructive momentum of krodha (wrath) and the fragility of personal valor when violence escalates beyond single combat into encirclement and mass assault.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to the king that enraged war-elephants surrounded a chariot-warrior who was showering many arrows, and, hemming him in from all sides, they killed him—an episode within the dense, chaotic fighting of the Śalya Parva.