Shloka 59

Varṣa-Parvata-Nivāsinām Varnanam

Description of Regions, Mountains, and Their Inhabitants

Devanagari script

कर्णाटका महिषका विकल्पा मूषकास्तथा । झिल्लिका: कुन्तलाश्वैव सौहदा नभकानना:

Transliteration

karṇāṭakā mahiṣakā vikalpā mūṣakās tathā | jhillikāḥ kuntalāś caiva sauhadā nabhakānanāḥ ||

Translation

သဉ္ဇယက ဆက်လက်ပြောသည်– «တောင်ပိုင်းလူမျိုးတို့အနက် ကර්ဏာṭက၊ မဟိṣက၊ ဝိကလ္ပ နှင့် မူṣကတို့လည်း ရှိ၏။ ထို့အတူ ဂျ္ဟిల్లိက၊ ကုန္တလ၊ စောဟဒ နှင့် နဘ-ကာနန ဒေသနေသူတို့လည်း ပါဝင်၏»။

Word by Word

• कर्णाटकाḥ: the Karnatakas (people/region)
• कर्णाटकाḥ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्णाटक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• महिषकाḥ: the Mahishakas
• महिषकाḥ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महिषक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• विकल्पाḥ: the Vikalpas (a people/tribe)
• विकल्पाḥ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विकल्प
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• मूषकाḥ: the Mushakas
• मूषकाḥ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मूषक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तथा: and also/likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा
• Form: true

• झिल्लिकाḥ: the Jhillikas
• झिल्लिकाḥ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: झिल्लिक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• कुन्तलाḥ: the Kuntalas
• कुन्तलाḥ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुन्तल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च
• Form: true

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव
• Form: true

• सौहदाḥ: the Sauhadas (a people/tribe)
• सौहदाḥ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सौहद
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• नभकाननाḥ: the Nabhakānanas (a people; lit. 'sky-forest')
• नभकाननाḥ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नभकानन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Karṇāṭaka
• Mahiṣaka
• Vikalpa
• Mūṣaka
• Jhillika
• Kuntala
• Sauhada
• Nabha-kānana

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

This verse is not a direct moral injunction but an epic device: by listing many peoples, it underscores the scale of the war and the collective responsibility and consequence when rulers and communities are drawn into adharma-driven conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya is enumerating various southern janapadas (peoples/regions) as part of a broader geographical catalogue, situating the armies and alliances connected to the Kurukṣetra war.