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Shloka 21

Brāhmaṇa-vandana: Criteria for Veneration, Disciplined Speech, and Protective Kingship (अनुशासनपर्व, अध्याय ८)

क्षत्रिय: शतवर्षी च दशवर्षी द्विजोत्तम: । पितापुत्रौ च विज्ञेयौ तयोरहिं ब्राह्मणो गुरु:

kṣatriyaḥ śatavarṣī ca daśavarṣī dvijottamaḥ | pitāputrau ca vijñeyau tayor ahiṁ brāhmaṇo guruḥ ||

ဘီရှ္မက မိန့်တော်မူသည်– «က္ṣတ္ရိယတစ်ဦးသည် အသက်တစ်ရာရှိပြီး ပ္ရဟ္မဏအထူးကောင်းမြတ်သူတစ်ဦးသည် အသက်ဆယ်နှစ်သာရှိသော်လည်း၊ သူတို့ကို သားနှင့်အဖ ဆက်ဆံရေးအတိုင်း မှန်ကန်စွာ သိမြင်ရမည်။ ထိုနှစ်ဦးအတွဲတွင် ပ္ရဟ္မဏသည် အဖဖြစ်၍ ဓမ္မနှင့် ဝိညာဉ်ရေး အာဏာပိုင် (ဂုရု) ဖြစ်ပြီး၊ က္ṣတ္ရိယသည် သားကဲ့သို့ ဖြစ်သည်»။

क्षत्रियःa Kshatriya (man)
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शतवर्षीhundred-year-old
शतवर्षी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशतवर्षिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दशवर्षीten-year-old
दशवर्षी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदशवर्षिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्विजोत्तमःthe best of the twice-born (excellent Brahmin)
द्विजोत्तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विजोत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पिताfather
पिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुत्रौtwo sons / (as a pair) father and son (dual usage)
पुत्रौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विज्ञेयौshould be known/understood
विज्ञेयौ:
TypeVerb
Rootविज्ञा
FormGerundive (future passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Dual
तयोःof those two
तयोः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Dual
अहंI
अहं:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
FormCommon, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुरुःteacher; elder; superior
गुरुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Brāhmaṇa
K
Kṣatriya

Educational Q&A

Dharma-based precedence is determined by spiritual authority and sacred learning: a Brāhmaṇa, even if younger in age, is to be regarded as guru and ‘father’ relative to a Kṣatriya, who is to show deference like a ‘son’.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on conduct and social duties, Bhīṣma lays down a rule of respectful hierarchy, using an age-contrast example to emphasize that status in dharma is not merely biological seniority but the role of the Brāhmaṇa as teacher and guide.