Shloka 2

Śrāddha Vidhi: Kāla (Timing), Pātra (Recipient), and Karma (Procedure) for Pitṛ-tarpaṇa and Piṇḍa

Devanagari script

द्रव्यं ब्राह्मणसम्पत्तिर्विषुवत्सूर्यसंक्रमः / व्यतीपातो गजच्छाया ग्रहणं चन्द्रसूर्ययोः

Transliteration

dravyaṃ brāhmaṇasampattirviṣuvatsūryasaṃkramaḥ / vyatīpāto gajacchāyā grahaṇaṃ candrasūryayoḥ

Translation

ဥစ္စာဓနနှင့် ဗြာဟ္မဏတို့၏ စည်းစိမ်ချမ်းသာ၊ ဗိသုဝတ် (ညီမျှနေ့) နှင့် နေ၏ ကူးပြောင်းခြင်း၊ ဗျာတီပာတ (မင်္ဂလာမကောင်းသော ကြယ်ဂြိုဟ်ဆုံမှု)၊ «ဆင်အရိပ်» ဟူသော နိမိတ်၊ ထို့ပြင် လနှင့် နေ၏ ဂြိုဟ်ကွယ်ခြင်းတို့—ဤအရာများကို နိမိတ်လက္ခဏာအဖြစ် စာရင်းပြုထားသည်။

Word by Word

• द्रव्यम्: wealth; substance
• द्रव्यम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• ब्राह्मणसम्पत्तिः: property of a Brahmin
• ब्राह्मणसम्पत्तिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक) + सम्पत्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (ब्राह्मणस्य सम्पत्तिः)

• विषुवत्: equinox
• विषुवत्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विषुवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; अव्ययवत्-प्रयोग (equinoctial day)

• सूर्यसंक्रमः: sun’s transit (saṅkrānti)
• सूर्यसंक्रमः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक) + संक्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (सूर्यस्य संक्रमः)

• व्यतीपातः: Vyatīpāta (astronomical conjunction)
• व्यतीपातः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यतीपात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• गजच्छाया: ‘elephant-shadow’ (a named time/phenomenon)
• गजच्छाया: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गज (प्रातिपदिक) + छाया (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (गजस्य छाया)

• ग्रहणम्: eclipse
• ग्रहणम्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ग्रहण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• चन्द्रसूर्ययोः: of the moon and the sun
• चन्द्रसूर्ययोः: Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक) + सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), द्विवचन; द्वन्द्व-समास (चन्द्रश्च सूर्यश्च)

Speaker

Lord Viṣṇu (in dialogue to Garuḍa)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Kāla (time) and nimitta (omens/astral conjunctions) condition the appropriateness and fruit of rites and social-religious prosperity.

Vedantic Theme: R̥ta/dharma as cosmic order; karma’s fruition is time-conditioned within prakṛti.

Application: Consult pañcāṅga/astronomical markers before major rites (esp. śrāddha/dāna); avoid inauspicious conjunctions where tradition prescribes restraint; prioritize dharmic timing over convenience.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa/Śrāddha-khaṇḍa passages on śrāddha-kāla, grahaṇa-vyavahāra, and dāna during saṅkrānti/grahaṇa (contextual parallel within the same adhyāya sequence)

Characters & Entities

• Brahmins
• Sun (Sūrya)
• Moon (Candra)

FAQs

What is the importance of eclipses and saṅkrānti in the Garuḍa Purāṇa?

This verse groups eclipses, the Sun’s transits (saṅkrānti), and the equinox as significant time-markers/omens, indicating that ritual life and dharmic observance consider cosmic timings and exceptional celestial events.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

Indirectly: rather than describing the soul’s journey, it highlights the ritual-astral framework used in Purāṇic tradition to judge timing and conditions that affect religious acts connected with dharma and post-death rites.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Treat major calendrical events (equinox, saṅkrānti, eclipses) as prompts for heightened discipline—prayer, charity, restraint, and careful planning of rites according to one’s tradition and qualified guidance.