Shloka 2

Chandas-Nirṇaya: Āpīḍa to Gāthā—Pāda, Gaṇa, and Special Substitutions

Devanagari script

आपीडः सर्वलः प्रोक्तः पूर्वपादान्तगद्वयः

Transliteration

āpīḍaḥ sarvalaḥ proktaḥ pūrvapādāntagadvayaḥ

Translation

«အာပီဍ» ဟုခေါ်သော ချန်ဒ်သည် «သရဝလ» ဟု ကြေညာထားပြီး ပထမပဒ (pāda) အဆုံးတွင် «ဂ» နှစ်လုံးဖြင့် လက္ခဏာပြု၏။

Word by Word

• आपीडः: (a metrical pattern called) āpīḍa
• आपीडः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आपीड (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• सर्वलः: all-containing/complete
• सर्वलः: Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्वल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (आपीडस्य)

• प्रोक्तः: is declared/said
• प्रोक्तः: Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-√वच् (धातु) → प्रोक्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त/PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगः—‘is said/declared’

• पूर्वपादान्तगद्वयः: having a double ‘ga’ at the end of the first pāda
• पूर्वपादान्तगद्वयः: Visheshana (Adjectival/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व-पाद-अन्त-ग-द्वय (प्रातिपदिक; पूर्व + पाद + अन्त + ग + द्वय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषसमासः (पूर्वपादान्ते गद्वयः—पूर्वपादान्ते स्थितं ‘ग’द्वयम् यस्य)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Definition of the Āpīḍa metre via gaṇa markers at the end of the first pāda; taxonomy by observable structure.

Vedantic Theme: Nāma-rūpa classification: naming (nāma) grounded in form (rūpa) at the level of linguistic order.

Application: To verify Āpīḍa, inspect the first pāda’s ending for the specified pair of ga-s; use as a rule in composition or scansion.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.211.1 (general lakṣaṇa rule); Garuda Purana 1.211.3-5 (related metre variants by pāda structure)

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of the Āpīḍa metre in the Garuda Purana?

This verse preserves a technical rule for identifying/reciting the Āpīḍa chandas, supporting accurate chanting and faithful textual transmission.

How does this verse explain the structure of the metre?

It states a diagnostic feature: the first pāda ends with a ‘ga-dvaya’—two ‘ga’ units—used in Sanskrit prosody to classify the verse pattern.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

When chanting or editing the text, use the stated metrical marker (ga-dvaya at the first pāda’s end) to verify line breaks, pronunciation rhythm, and correct reading.