Shloka 1

Pāṇḍu-Śotha Nidāna: Doṣa-wise Signs, Complications, and Prognosis

Devanagari script

ऽध्यायः धन्वन्तरिरुवाच / पाण्डुशोथनिदानञ्च शृणु सुश्रत वच्मि ते / पित्तप्रधानाः कुपिता यथोक्तैः कोपनैर्मलाः

Transliteration

'dhyāyaḥ dhanvantariruvāca / pāṇḍuśothanidānañca śṛṇu suśrata vacmi te / pittapradhānāḥ kupitā yathoktaiḥ kopanairmalāḥ

Translation

ဓနွန္တရီက မိန့်တော်မူသည်– «အို သုश्रုတ၊ ပाण्डု (အရောင်ဖျော့/သွေးအားနည်းသကဲ့သို့) နှင့် သောထ (ဖောင်းရောင်/ရေဖောင်း) ၏ အကြောင်းရင်းကို ငါ့ထံမှ နားထောင်လော့။ စာတမ်းများတွင် ဖော်ပြထားသည့် လှုံ့ဆော်ကာရဏများကြောင့် ပိတ္တကို အဓိကထားသော ဒိုးရှများ ကွက်ကွက်ကွင်းကွင်း ပြင်းထန်လာသော် ဤရောဂါများ ပေါ်ပေါက်လာသည်»။

Word by Word

• अध्यायः: chapter (heading marker)
• अध्यायः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्याय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• धन्वन्तरिः: Dhanvantari
• धन्वन्तरिः: Karta (Speaker/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन्वन्तरि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriya (Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• पाण्डुशोथनिदानम्: the cause of pallor and swelling
• पाण्डुशोथनिदानम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डु (प्रातिपदिक) + शोथ (प्रातिपदिक) + निदान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—पाण्डु-शोथयोः निदानम् (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• शृणु: listen
• शृणु: Kriya (Command)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √श्रु (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), मध्यम-पुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• सुश्रत: O Suśruta
• सुश्रत: Sambodhana (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुश्रुत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन

• वच्मि: I speak; I will tell
• वच्मि: Kriya (Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √वच् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), उत्तम-पुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• ते: to you; for you
• ते: Sampradana (Recipient/सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी/चतुर्थी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; एतत्-प्रयोगे ‘to you/for you’ (दत्ते)

• पित्तप्रधानाः: predominantly pitta (humor)
• पित्तप्रधानाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पित्त (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रधान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; समासः—पित्तं प्रधानं येषाम् (बहुव्रीहि-भावार्थे प्रचलितः), परन्तु रूपतः तत्पुरुष-समास-आधारः

• कुपिताः: aggravated; vitiated
• कुपिताः: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √कुप् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्यय—‘aggravated/angered’

• यथोक्तैः: by the aforesaid (factors)
• यथोक्तैः: Karana (Instrument/Means)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यथा (अव्यय) + उक्त (√वच्, क्त; कृदन्त)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; अव्ययीभाव—यथा उक्तैः = ‘as said’

• कोपनैः: by aggravating (agents)
• कोपनैः: Karana (Instrument/Means)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कोपन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण—‘irritating/aggravating’

• मलाः: doṣas/impurities (bodily humors)
• मलाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

Speaker

Dhanvantari

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Pitta

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Nidāna (causation) of pāṇḍu and śotha arises when doṣas—especially pitta—are provoked by known aggravating factors.

Vedantic Theme: Causality and guṇa/doṣa dynamics within prakṛti; knowledge as a means to reduce duḥkha in embodied life.

Application: Identify and remove pitta-provoking causes (diet, habits, environment); treat root cause rather than symptoms alone.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: teaching setting

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.162.2–4 (pathogenesis and manifestations of pāṇḍu/varṇa-bheda)

Characters & Entities

• Dhanvantari
• Suśruta
• Pitta
• Doṣas (malāḥ)

FAQs

What is the importance of pāṇḍu and śotha nidāna in the Garuda Purana?

This verse frames a diagnostic approach: understanding causes (nidāna) of pallor/anemia-like disease and edema through doṣa aggravation, especially pitta, enabling prevention and appropriate treatment.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

This verse is primarily Ayurvedic and does not directly discuss the soul’s post-death journey; it reflects the Purana’s broader aim of guiding right living by preserving health and balance.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Identify and avoid pitta-aggravating habits (excess heat, irritants, improper diet/lifestyle) and seek early assessment when pallor or swelling appears.