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Shloka 47

Varṇāśrama-dharma as a Path to Bhakti

Yuga-dharma Origins, Universal Virtues, Brahmacarya and Gṛhastha Duties

सीदन् विप्रो वणिग्वृत्त्या पण्यैरेवापदं तरेत् । खड्‍गेन वापदाक्रान्तो न श्ववृत्त्या कथञ्चन ॥ ४७ ॥

sīdan vipro vaṇig-vṛttyā paṇyair evāpadaṁ taret khaḍgena vāpadākrānto na śva-vṛttyā kathañcana

ဗြာဟ္မဏသည် မိမိ၏ ပုံမှန်ဓမ္မတာဝန်များဖြင့် အသက်မွေးမဝနိုင်၍ ဆင်းရဲလျှင် ကုန်သည်အလုပ်ကို လက်ခံကာ ဝယ်ရောင်းဖြင့် အကျပ်အတည်းကို ကျော်လွှားနိုင်သည်။ ထို့နောက်တောင် အလွန်ဆင်းရဲနေသေးလျှင် ဓားကိုင်၍ က္ଷတ္တရိယအလုပ်ကို လုပ်နိုင်သည်။ သို့သော် မည်သည့်အခြေအနေတွင်မဆို ခွေးကဲ့သို့ သာမန်သခင်၏ ကျွန်အဖြစ် မနေထိုင်ရ။

sīdanbeing in distress / sinking
sīdan:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootsad (धातु) → sīdat (कृदन्त, शतृ)
Formवर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; प्रथमा एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग (present active participle, nominative singular masculine)
vipraḥa brāhmaṇa
vipraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootvipra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन (singular)
vaṇik-vṛttyāby the livelihood of a merchant
vaṇik-vṛttyā:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootvaṇik (प्रातिपदिक) + vṛtti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (vaṇijaḥ vṛttiḥ) (instrumental singular feminine)
paṇyaiḥwith goods/merchandise
paṇyaiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootpaṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन (instrumental plural)
evaindeed/only
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle of emphasis)
āpadaṁmisfortune/distress
āpadaṁ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootāpada (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन (accusative singular)
taretshould cross over
taret:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Roottṝ (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन (3rd person singular)
khaḍgenawith a sword
khaḍgena:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkhaḍga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन (instrumental singular)
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय (disjunctive particle)
āpada-ākrāntaḥoverwhelmed by calamity
āpada-ākrāntaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootāpada (प्रातिपदिक) + ākrānta (कृदन्त; √kram धातु, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तृतीया/सप्तमी-समर्थनार्थे तत्पुरुषः (āpada-ākrānta = by distress overrun); क्त-प्रत्ययान्त विशेषण (nominative singular masculine)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक अव्यय (negation)
śva-vṛttyāby a dog’s livelihood (servile means)
śva-vṛttyā:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootśvan (प्रातिपदिक) + vṛtti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (śunas vṛttiḥ) (instrumental singular feminine)
kathañcanain any way (ever)
kathañcana:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkathañcana (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध-सहचर ‘कदापि/कथमपि’ अर्थे (indefinite adverb: in any way/ever)

Śva-vṛttyā, or “a dog’s profession,” refers to the śūdras, who cannot live without accepting a master. A destitute brāhmaṇa who is suffering intolerably may become a merchant and then a kṣatriya but may never take the position of a śūdra by working in a company or accepting a master. Although a kṣatriya is ordinarily considered more elevated than a vaiśya, the Lord here recommends that distressed brāhmaṇas first accept the vaiśya occupation, since it is not violent.

K
Kṛṣṇa
U
Uddhava

FAQs

This verse says that if a brāhmaṇa is in distress, he may temporarily adopt trade (a merchant’s occupation) to overcome calamity, but should not resort to a degrading, ‘dog-like’ livelihood.

In the Uddhava-gītā section, Kṛṣṇa explains varṇāśrama duties and yuga-dharma, clarifying what is permissible in emergencies while preserving the dignity and principles expected of a brāhmaṇa.

When facing financial crisis, one may take permissible alternative work to recover, but should avoid unethical, degrading, or harmful means of income that destroy integrity and spiritual values.