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Shloka 39

Varṇāśrama-dharma as a Path to Bhakti

Yuga-dharma Origins, Universal Virtues, Brahmacarya and Gṛhastha Duties

गृहार्थी सद‍ृशीं भार्यामुद्वहेदजुगुप्सिताम् । यवीयसीं तु वयसा यां सवर्णामनुक्रमात् ॥ ३९ ॥

gṛhārthī sadṛśīṁ bhāryām udvahed ajugupsitām yavīyasīṁ tu vayasā yāṁ sa-varṇām anu kramāt

အိမ်ထောင်ရေးကို တည်ထောင်လိုသူသည် မိမိ၏ ဝဏ္ဏတူ၊ အပြစ်တင်စရာမရှိ၊ အသက်အရွယ်ငယ်သော ဇနီးကို လက်ထပ်ရမည်။ ဇနီးများစွာ ယူလိုပါက ပထမလက်ထပ်ပြီးနောက် အစဉ်လိုက် လက်ထပ်ရမည်၊ ဇနီးတစ်ဦးချင်းစီသည် အစဉ်လိုက် နိမ့်သော ဝဏ္ဏမှ ဖြစ်ရမည်။

gṛha-arthīdesiring household life
gṛha-arthī:
Karta (कर्ता/agent)
TypeAdjective
Rootgṛha (प्रातिपदिक) + arthin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (उपपद-तत्पुरुष: ‘gṛham arthayate’/‘gṛhasya arthī’); Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
sadṛśīmsuitable/compatible
sadṛśīm:
Karma (कर्म/object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootsadṛśī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; agrees with bhāryām
bhāryāma wife
bhāryām:
Karma (कर्म/object)
TypeNoun
Rootbhāryā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
udvahetshould marry/take (in marriage)
udvahet:
Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootud√vah (धातु)
FormVidhi-liṅ (विधिलिङ्/optative), 3rd person, Singular; parasmaipada
ajugupsitāmnot reprehensible; not to be shunned
ajugupsitām:
Karma (कर्म/object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Roota- (नञ्) + jugupsita (कृदन्त, √gup/√gups)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular; negative prefix (नञ्) + past passive participle sense ‘not to be shunned’
yavīyasīmyounger
yavīyasīm:
Karma (कर्म/object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootyavīyasī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular; comparative (यवीयसि) agreeing with bhāryām
tubut/indeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adversative/emphatic particle (तु)
vayasāby age (in age)
vayasā:
Karana (करण/instrument; measure)
TypeNoun
Rootvayas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular
yāmwhom
yām:
Karma (कर्म/object; relative)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; relative pronoun referring to bhāryām
sa-varṇāmof the same varṇa (social class)
sa-varṇām:
Karma (कर्म/object-qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootsa (उपसर्ग/सह) + varṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (कर्मधारय/उपपद: ‘sama-varṇā’); Feminine, Accusative, Singular; agrees with bhāryām
anuaccording to; in order
anu:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootanu (अव्यय/उपसर्ग)
FormAvyaya; preverb/adverb ‘in accordance with, successively’ (अनु)
kramātin due sequence
kramāt:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/manner)
TypeNoun
Rootkrama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular; used adverbially ‘in due order’

As stated in the Vedic literature,

K
Krishna
U
Uddhava

FAQs

In 11.17.39, Lord Krishna says a man intending household life should marry a compatible, respectable (not objectionable) wife, younger in age, and traditionally within the same varṇa according to prescribed order.

These instructions occur in Krishna’s teachings to Uddhava on varnashrama-dharma, showing how regulated social and family life can support purity, responsibility, and spiritual progress.

Apply the principle of compatibility and character: choose a spouse with good conduct and shared values, and approach marriage as a dharmic responsibility that supports steady spiritual practice.