Sutra 4
Devanagari script
नवागतदूरायातयोर्नवागतमन्यत उपलब्धदेशमनवमिश्रं युध्येत न दूरायतमायतगतपरिक्लेशम् ॥ कZ_०८.५.०४ ॥
Transliteration
navāgatadūrāyātayor navāgatam anyata upalabdhadeśam anavamiśraṃ yudhyeta na dūrāyatam āyatagataparikleśam
Translation
အသစ်ရောက်လာသောတပ်နှင့် အဝေးမှလာသောတပ်တို့အကြားတွင်၊ သူသည် အသစ်ရောက်လာသောတပ်—ဒေသတွင်း မြေပြင်ကို ရယူထားပြီး မသိမကျွမ်းသော အစိတ်အပိုင်းများနှင့် မရောနှောသေးသောတပ်ကို တိုက်ခိုက်သင့်သည်။ ခရီးပန်းနွမ်းမှုကြောင့် ဒုက္ခရောက်နေသော အဝေးမှချီတက်လာသည့်တပ်ကို မတိုက်ခိုက်သင့်။
Word by Word
नवागतदूरायातयोःof the newly-arrived and the long-distance-arrived (forces/persons)
नवागतदूरायातयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootनवागत; दूरायात
Formषष्ठी-द्विवचनम् (समासान्त-पद); ‘नवागत’ (कर्मधारयः: नवः+आगतः) तथा ‘दूरायात’ (कर्मधारयः: दूरात्+आयातः) — ‘नवागतदूरायात’ इति द्वन्द्वः, तस्य षष्ठी-द्विवचनम्
नवागतम्the newly-arrived one
नवागतम्:
TypeNoun (used adjectivally)
Rootनवागत
Formद्वितीया-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गम् (युध्येत इत्यस्य कर्म/उपपद-विशेषणरूपेण)
अन्यत्as the other (i.e., as the opponent/other party)
अन्यत्:
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्य
Formद्वितीया-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; ‘नवागतम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्/सम्बन्धि
उपलब्धदेशम्having (the) terrain/region secured/known
उपलब्धदेशम्:
TypeNoun (used adjectivally)
Rootउपलब्ध; देश
Formद्वितीया-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; ‘उपलब्धः देशः यस्य’ (बहुव्रीहिवत्-विशेषणार्थः) — व्यवहारतः कर्मधारय-प्रयोगः
अनवमिश्रम्unmixed; not combined (with others)
अनवमिश्रम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनवमिश्र
Formद्वितीया-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; ‘न अवमिश्रः’ (न + अवमिश्र)
युध्येतshould fight
युध्येत:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध्
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), आत्मनेपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; लट्-आदेशार्थे विधिः — ‘should fight’
नnot
न:
TypeParticle
Rootन
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्ययम्
दूरायातम्the long-distance-arrived one
दूरायातम्:
TypeNoun (used adjectivally)
Rootदूरायात
Formद्वितीया-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; ‘दूरात् आयातः’
आयातगतपरिक्लेशम्one afflicted with fatigue/strain from coming and going (marching)
आयातगतपरिक्लेशम्:
TypeAdjective (bahuvrihi sense)
Rootआयात; गत; परिक्लेश
Formद्वितीया-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; ‘आयात-गत-परिक्लेशः’ = आगमन-गमन-जन्यः परिक्लेशः यस्य (बहुव्रीह्यर्थे समासः)
Entities Mentioned
E
enemy force (implicit)FAQs
A far-marched force may choose defensive postures, disperse, or evade; decisive engagement may be hard. Kautilya prioritizes fights where the enemy is present, cohesive, and can be decisively fixed.