Sutra 43

Devanagari script

तयोरप्यन्यतरपराजयोऽस्तीति नलयुधिष्ठिराभ्यां व्याख्यातम् ॥ कZ_०८.३.४३ ॥

Transliteration

tayor apy anyataraparājayo 'stīti nalayudhiṣṭhirābhyāṃ vyākhyātam

Translation

အဲဒီနှစ်ဦး (ကျွမ်းကျင်သူနှင့် ပြိုင်ဘက်) အကြားတွင်ပင် တစ်ဖက်ဖက်၏ ရှုံးနိမ့်မှု ရှိသည်—ဤအရာကို နလ နှင့် ယုဓိဋ္ဌိရ တို့က ဥပမာပြထားသည်။

Word by Word

• तयोः: of those two
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: sarvanāma; genitive dual (षष्ठी-द्विवचन)

• अपि: also; even
• Type: Particle
• Root: अपि
• Form: nipāta; emphatic/inclusive particle

• अन्यतर: one of the two (either one)
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: अन्यतर
• Form: pronominal adjective; nominative singular masculine (प्रथमा-एकवचन-पुं) used with implied noun (e.g., पक्षः/जनः)

• पराजयः: defeat; loss
• Type: Noun
• Root: पराजय
• Form: masculine; nominative singular (प्रथमा-एकवचन)

• अस्ति: there is; exists
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस्
• Form: present indicative; parasmaipada; 3rd person singular (लट्, प्र.पु., एकवचन)

• इति: thus
• Type: Quotative particle
• Root: इति
• Form: nipāta; marks end of quotation/thought

• नल: by Nala
• Type: Proper Noun
• Root: नल
• Form: masculine; instrumental singular (तृतीया-एकवचन)

• युधिष्ठिर: by Yudhiṣṭhira
• Type: Proper Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर
• Form: masculine; instrumental singular (तृतीया-एकवचन)

• आभ्याम्: by the two (together)
• Type: Dual-instrumental marker
• Root: (द्वि-प्रयोगः)
• Form: instrumental dual ending (तृतीया-द्विवचन) completing the dvandva sense with the two preceding names: ‘नल-युधिष्ठिर-आभ्याम्’ = ‘by Nala and Yudhiṣṭhira’

• व्याख्यातम्: has been explained; was expounded
• Type: Verb (Past Passive Participle)
• Root: व्याख्या + कृ (कृञ्)
• Form: PPP (क्त); neuter nominative/accusative singular; passive sense: ‘has been explained’

Entities Mentioned

• Nala
• Yudhiṣṭhira

More Details

FAQs

What is Kauṭilya’s logical move here?

He shifts from ‘skill guarantees victory’ to ‘outcomes are unstable’; therefore gambling cannot be justified as a controlled, predictable activity.