Sutra 13
Devanagari script
धर्मस्थश्चेद्विवदमानं पुरुषं तर्जयति भर्त्सयत्यपसारयत्यभिग्रसते वा पूर्वमस्मै साहसदण्डं कुर्यात् वाक्पारुष्ये द्विगुणम् ॥ कZ_०४.९.१३ ॥
Transliteration
dharmasthaścedvivadamānaṃ puruṣaṃ tarjayati bhartsayatyapasārayatyabhigrasate vā pūrvamasmai sāhasadaṇḍaṃ kuryāt vākpāruṣye dviguṇam
Translation
တရားသူကြီး (ဓမ္မသ္ထ) က တရားပြိုင်သူတစ်ဦးကို ခြိမ်းခြောက်ခြင်း၊ ဆဲဆိုအပြစ်တင်ခြင်း၊ ထုတ်ပယ်ခြင်း သို့မဟုတ် ဖိအားပေးအနိုင်ကျင့်ခြင်း ပြုလျှင်၊ ပထမအဆင့် sāhasa ဒဏ်ကြေးဖြင့် အပြစ်ပေးရမည်။ စကားဖြင့် ရက်စက်ကြမ်းတမ်းခြင်း/ဆဲဆိုခြင်းအတွက်တော့ ဒဏ်ကို နှစ်ဆတိုးရမည်။
Word by Word
धर्मस्थःthe judge / judicial officer
धर्मस्थः:
TypeNoun (agent noun)
Rootधर्मस्थ
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन
चेत्if
चेत्:
TypeParticle
Rootचेत्
Formशर्तार्थक अव्यय
विवदमानम्(a person) who is disputing / litigating
विवदमानम्:
TypeVerb (participle)
Rootवि√वद्
Formवर्तमान कृदन्त (शतृ), कर्मणि/कर्तरि प्रयोगानुसार; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन (पुरुषम् विशेषण)
पुरुषम्a man/person (litigant)
पुरुषम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन
तर्जयतिthreatens / intimidates
तर्जयति:
TypeVerb
Root√तर्ज्
Formलट्, परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
भर्त्सयतिrebukes / abuses
भर्त्सयति:
TypeVerb
Root√भर्त्स्
Formलट्, परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
अपसारयतिdrives away / removes
अपसारयति:
TypeVerb
Rootअप√सृ (णिच्)
Formलट्, परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; णिच्-प्रयोग (causative)
अभिग्रसतेseizes / attacks / lays hands on
अभिग्रसते:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि√ग्रस्
Formलट्, आत्मनेपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय
पूर्वम्beforehand / first
पूर्वम्:
TypeAdverb
Rootपूर्व
Formकाल/क्रमवाचक अव्यय
अस्मैto him
अस्मै:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Formचतुर्थी-एकवचन
साहसदण्डम्the penalty for violence/assault (sāhasa-penalty)
साहसदण्डम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसाहसदण्ड
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन
कुर्यात्should impose / should make
कुर्यात्:
TypeVerb
Root√कृ
Formविधिलिङ्, परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
वाक्पारुष्येin the case of verbal abuse
वाक्पारुष्ये:
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्पारुष्य
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-एकवचन (विषय/अधिकरण)
द्विगुणम्double / twofold
द्विगुणम्:
TypeAdjective (used adverbially)
Rootद्विगुण
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन (दण्डम् विशेषण)
Entities Mentioned
D
dharmastha (judge)L
litigantFAQs
Courts must be non-intimidatory; abuse by adjudicators is itself a punishable offence to preserve legitimacy and access to justice.