Sutra 13

Devanagari script

तुलामानाभ्यामतिरिक्ताभ्यां क्रीत्वा हीनाभ्यां विक्रीणानस्य त एव द्विगुणा दण्डाः ॥ कZ_०४.२.१३ ॥

Transliteration

tulāmānābhyām atiriktābhyāṃ krītvā hīnābhyāṃ vikrīṇānasya ta eva dviguṇā daṇḍāḥ

Translation

အလေးချိန်/အတိုင်းအတာ ပိုလွန်သည့် အလေး/တိုင်းကိရိယာဖြင့် ဝယ်ပြီး အလေးချိန်/အတိုင်းအတာ လျော့နည်းသည့် အလေး/တိုင်းကိရိယာဖြင့် ရောင်းသူသည် အစောပိုင်းတွင် ဖော်ပြထားသည့် ပြစ်ဒဏ်တူညီသော်လည်း နှစ်ဆ ချမှတ်ခံရမည်။

Word by Word

• तुला: balance; weighing scale (as a standard of weight)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तुला
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (सन्दर्भे—तुला-प्रमाणम् ‘balance/scale’)

• मानाभ्याम्: by (means of) measures/standards
• Type: Noun
• Root: मान
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, द्विवचन (करणे)

• अतिरिक्ताभ्याम्: with excessive (over) weight/measure
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अति + रिक्त (अतिरिक्त)
• Form: विशेषणम्; नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, द्विवचन; ‘तुलामानाभ्याम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• क्रीत्वा: having bought
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्री (क्रयणे)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund); ‘having bought/purchased’

• हीनाभ्याम्: with deficient (under) weight/measure
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हीन
• Form: विशेषणम्; नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, द्विवचन; (अध्याहृतं) ‘तुलामानाभ्याम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• विक्रीणानस्य: of the seller (who sells)
• Type: Verb (participial form used substantively)
• Root: वि + क्री (विक्रयणे)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त (विक्रीणान्) षष्ठी एकवचन; पुंलिङ्ग; ‘of one who is selling’

• ते: those
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘they/those (penalties)’

• एव: indeed; just; precisely
• Type: Particle
• Root: एव
• Form: निपात (emphatic/limiting particle)

• द्विगुणाः: double (in amount)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वि + गुण (द्विगुण)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘दण्डाः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• दण्डाः: penalties; fines
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; दण्ड-रूपा द्रव्यदण्डाः (contextually ‘fines/penalties’)

Entities Mentioned

• buyer
• seller
• weights and measures authority (implied)

More Details

FAQs

What conduct is targeted in 4.2.13?

Arbitrage fraud: buying with heavier weights and selling with lighter weights—cheating both upstream and downstream parties.

What is the administrative logic of doubling the penalty?

It treats repeat/compound fraud as aggravated, raising deterrence where the offender exploits both transactions.