Sutra 52

Devanagari script

एतेन मिथःसमवायो व्याख्यातः ॥ कZ_०३.१२.५२ ॥

Transliteration

etena mithaḥsamavāyo vyākhyātaḥ

Translation

ဤအချက်ဖြင့် အပြန်အလှန် ပူးပေါင်းကြံစည်မှု/အတူတကွ လုပ်ကြံမှုကို ရှင်းလင်းဖော်ပြပြီးဖြစ်သည် (ဆိုလိုသည်မှာ ပူးပေါင်းကြံစည်မှုကိစ္စများတွင်လည်း တူညီသော သဘောတရားများ သက်ဆိုင်သည်)။

Word by Word

• एतेन: by this; by means of this (i.e., by the foregoing explanation)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक (एतद्); तृतीया-एकवचन; नपुंसकलिङ्ग (प्रयोगे साधारणतया ‘एतेन’ = ‘अनेन’ इति)

• मिथः-समवायः: mutual association / reciprocal relationship (samavāya between parties)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सम् + अव + इ (समवाय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘मिथः’ (अव्यय, ‘परस्परम्’) उपपदपूर्वकः समासः; समवायः = परस्पर-संबन्ध/संयोग-विशेषः

• व्याख्यातः: has been explained / has been set forth
• Type: Verb (PPP used predicatively)
• Root: वि + आ + ख्या
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त, भूतकर्मणि/भूतकृत); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘(अयम्) व्याख्यातः’ = ‘has been explained’

Entities Mentioned

• colluding parties
• judge/official

More Details

FAQs

What does ‘etena’ (by this) indicate in legal drafting?

A doctrinal extension: the evidentiary/procedural tests just stated should also be used to detect and decide collusive arrangements.