Sutra 11
Devanagari script
उपस्थितस्याधिमप्रयच्छतो द्वादशण्पणो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०३.१२.११ ॥
Transliteration
upasthitasyādhim aprayacchato dvādaśa-paṇo daṇḍaḥ
Translation
လွှတ်ယူသူက ရှိနေပြီး (အဆင်သင့်ဖြစ်နေ) သော်လည်း အပေါင်ခံသူက အပေါင်ပစ္စည်းကို ပြန်မပေးလျှင် ဒဏ်ကြေးမှာ ပဏ ၁၂ ဖြစ်သည်။
Word by Word
उपस्थितस्यof the person who is present (before the authority)
उपस्थितस्य:
TypeNoun (verbal derivative)
Rootउप-स्था
Formकृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक (उपस्थित ‘present/appeared’), षष्ठी-एकवचन (पुं/नपुं), ‘of one who is present/has appeared (in court/assembly)’
अधिम्the deposit / pledged amount
अधिम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअधि
Formद्वितीया-एकवचन (पुं), ‘deposit/pledge/earnest’
अप्रयच्छतःof (one) who does not hand over (it)
अप्रयच्छतः:
TypeVerb (participle)
Rootप्र-यम् (यच्छति)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/शानच्-प्रत्यय), नकार-प्रत्ययेन निषेधः; षष्ठी-एकवचन (पुं), ‘of (him) not giving/handing over’
द्वादशtwelve
द्वादश:
TypeNumeral
Rootद्वादशन्
Formसंख्यावाचक, अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः (indeclinable-like numeral)
पणःpana (monetary unit)
पणः:
TypeNoun
Rootपण
Formप्रथमा-एकवचन (पुं); ‘a pana (coin/unit of money)’ — here in measure with numeral
दण्डःa fine / penalty
दण्डः:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formप्रथमा-एकवचन (पुं); ‘fine/punishment’ (predicate nominative)
Entities Mentioned
P
pledge-holder (creditor)R
redeemer (debtor)S
state (fine collector)FAQs
To create predictable enforcement, deter hold-up behavior by creditors, and reduce litigation discretion and bargaining abuse.