Sutra 5

Devanagari script

सहग्राहिणः प्रतिभुवः कर्मोपजीविनः पुत्रा भ्रातरो भार्या दुहितरो भृत्याश्चास्य कर्मच्छेदं वहेयुः ॥ कZ_०२.७.०५ ॥

Transliteration

sahagrāhiṇaḥ pratibhuvaḥ karmopajīvinaḥ putrā bhrātaro bhāryā duhitaro bhṛtyāś cāsya karmacchedaṃ vaheyuḥ.

Translation

သူ၏ ပူးတွဲလက်ခံသူ/အဖော်များ၊ အာမခံသူများ၊ သူ၏ရာထူးအပေါ် မူတည်၍ အသက်မွေးသူများနှင့် (သက်ဆိုင်ပါက) သူ၏ သားများ၊ ညီအစ်ကိုများ၊ ဇနီး၊ သမီးများ၊ အလုပ်သမား/ကျွန်များသည် သူ၏ အရာထမ်းအမှားကြောင့် ဖြစ်ပေါ်လာသော ဖြတ်တောက်/သိမ်းယူမှုကို ခံယူရမည် (ဆိုလိုသည်မှာ အပြစ်ပေးခံရသည့်အခါ တာဝန်ဝေမျှခြင်း သို့မဟုတ် ဆုံးရှုံးမှုကို ခံရခြင်း)။

Word by Word

• सहग्राहिणः: co-takers / co-obligors (jointly liable parties)
• Type: Noun (agent noun)
• Root: ग्रह्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; -इन् (ग्रहिन्) प्रत्ययान्त; ‘सह’ उपपदपूर्वकः

• प्रतिभुवः: sureties / guarantors
• Type: Noun
• Root: भू
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; ‘प्रतिभू’ (जामिनि/धर्मशास्त्र-प्रयोगे)

• कर्मोपजीविनः: those who live by (his) work/earnings; dependents maintained by his occupation
• Type: Noun (agent noun)
• Root: जीव्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; ‘कर्म-उपजीविन्’ (उप-√जीव्)

• पुत्राः: sons
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन

• भ्रातरः: brothers
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रातृ
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन

• भार्या: wife
• Type: Noun
• Root: भार्या
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन

• दुहितरः: daughters
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुहितृ
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन

• भृत्याः: servants
• Type: Noun
• Root: भृत्य
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• अस्य: of him / his
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचन; पुं/नपुं (सन्दर्भे ‘उसका/उसके’)

• कर्मच्छेदम्: breach/default in the obligation (interruption/non-performance of the work/transaction)
• Type: Noun
• Root: छिद्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन; ‘कर्म-च्छेद’ (कर्मणः छेदः/विच्छेदः)

• वहेयुः: should bear / should carry (the liability)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वह्
• Form: लोट् (आज्ञार्थे/विधिलिङ्-सदृशः प्रयोगः); परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुष; बहुवचन; धातु: √वह्

Entities Mentioned

• pratibhu (surety)
• sahagrāhin (associate)

More Details

FAQs

Why extend liability beyond the official to associates and dependents?

To deter collusive embezzlement and prevent concealment of gains within the official’s network; it also incentivizes sureties and household members to monitor behavior.

What modern control does this resemble?

Surety bonds and joint-and-several liability for fraud beneficiaries, combined with asset forfeiture from connected recipients.