Sutra 1

Devanagari script

निरुदकस्तम्बमिरिणं वा धान्वनं खञ्जनोदकं स्तम्बगहनं वा वनदुर्गम् ॥ कZ_०२.३.०१ ॥

Transliteration

nirudakastambam iriṇaṃ vā dhānvanaṃ khañjanodakaṃ stambagahanaṃ vā vanadurgam

Translation

တောခံတပ်ဆိုသည်မှာ အောက်ပါနေရာမျိုးတစ်မျိုးဖြစ်သည်—ရေမရှိသော မြက်ပင်/ရိဒ်ထူထပ်ရာ; မျိုးမပေါက်သော ကြမ်းတမ်းသည့် မြေပြင်; ရေရှားသော ခြောက်သွေ့ဒေသ; သို့မဟုတ် ရိဒ်/မြက်ပင်ထူထပ်သော တောအုပ်။

Word by Word

• निरुदक: waterless, without water
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उदक
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; विशेषणम् (दुर्गम् इति)

• स्तम्ब: clump of grass/reeds; thicket-stalks
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्तम्ब
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; समासाङ्ग (निरुदक-स्तम्ब-… इत्यत्र)

• मिरिणम्: saline/alkaline wasteland; barren ground
• Type: Noun
• Root: मिरिण
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; समासाङ्ग

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्ययम्

• धान्वनम्: desert-like; belonging to arid tract
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धन्वन्
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; विशेषणम् (दुर्गम् इति)

• खञ्जन: ‘khañjana’ (a bird-name) used as a qualifier
• Type: Noun
• Root: खञ्जन
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; समासपूर्वपदम् (खञ्जन-उदक)

• उदकम्: water
• Type: Noun
• Root: उदक
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; समासोत्तरपदम्

• स्तम्बगहनम्: dense with thickets/reeds
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गहन
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; (स्तम्बैः) गहनम् इति; विशेषणम् (दुर्गम् इति)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्ययम्

• वनदुर्गम्: a forest-fort; fortification in/with forest terrain
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्ग
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; वनस्य दुर्गम् इति

Entities Mentioned

• vanadurga (forest fort)

More Details

FAQs

Why would a state prefer a forest-fort in such terrain?

These terrains obstruct enemy movement and logistics, reduce cavalry effectiveness, and create natural concealment and choke points for defenders.