Vamana Purana — Structure of Jambudvipa, Shloka 28

The Structure of Jambudvipa: Nine Varshas, Navadvipa Bharata, Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples

Devanagari script

शिवा पयोष्णी निर्विन्ध्या तापी सनिषधावती वेण वैतरणी चैव सिनीवाहुः कुमुद्वती

Transliteration

śivā payoṣṇī nirvindhyā tāpī saniṣadhāvatī veṇa vaitaraṇī caiva sinīvāhuḥ kumudvatī

Translation

Sungai-sungai bernama Śivā, Payoṣṇī, Nirvindhyā, Tāpī, Saniṣadhāvatī; dan juga Veṇā, Vaitaraṇī, Sinīvāhu, serta Kumudvatī (yang membawa keberkatan).

Word by Word

• śivā: Śivā (river name)
• śivā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject—enumerated item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śivā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नदी-नाम

• payoṣṇī: Payoṣṇī (river name)
• payoṣṇī: Karta (कर्ता/Subject—enumerated item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: payoṣṇī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नदी-नाम

• nirvindhyā: Nirvindhyā (river name)
• nirvindhyā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject—enumerated item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nirvindhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नदी-नाम

• tāpī: Tāpī (Tapti; river name)
• tāpī: Karta (कर्ता/Subject—enumerated item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tāpī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नदी-नाम

• saniṣadhāvatī: Saniṣadhāvatī (river name)
• saniṣadhāvatī: Karta (कर्ता/Subject—enumerated item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sa-niṣadha + vatī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (determinative) नदी-नाम

• veṇa: Veṇā (river name)
• veṇa: Karta (कर्ता/Subject—enumerated item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: veṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नदी-नाम

• vaitaraṇī: Vaitaraṇī (river name)
• vaitaraṇī: Karta (कर्ता/Subject—enumerated item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vaitaraṇī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नदी-नाम

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• eva: indeed/just
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic particle)

• sinīvāhuḥ: Sinīvāhu (river name)
• sinīvāhuḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject—enumerated item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sinīvāhu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; नदी-नाम (proper name)

• kumudvatī: Kumudvatī (river name)
• kumudvatī: Karta (कर्ता/Subject—enumerated item)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kumud + vatī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (determinative) नदी-नाम

Speakers

• Likely Pulastya to Nārada (standard Vāmana Purāṇa dialogue frame; not explicit in provided excerpt)

Key Themes

• Sacred Geography
• Tīrtha-Māhātmya
• Purāṇic Catalogues

Verse Rasa (Emotional Flavour)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The passage emphasizes tīrtha-saṃskāra: the Purāṇic ethic that contact with sanctified landscapes—especially rivers—supports purification, vow-observance, and dharmic life.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana?

This material aligns best with tīrtha-māhātmya embedded within broader Purāṇic narration; among the pañcalakṣaṇa headings it most closely serves as supportive content for 'vaṃśānucarita/ākhyāna' frameworks rather than sarga/pratisarga proper.

What is the symbolic significance?

Rivers function as living conduits of ṛta/dharma: they link regions, lineages, and rites. Naming them is a ritual act of recollection (smaraṇa), treating geography itself as sacred memory.