Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 2

Devanagari script

कुमारो ह्यपरः शंभुर्येन सर्वमिदं ततम् । तपसा तोषितः शंभुर्ददाति परमं पदम्

Transliteration

kumāro hyaparaḥ śaṃbhuryena sarvamidaṃ tatam | tapasā toṣitaḥ śaṃbhurdadāti paramaṃ padam

Translation

Sesungguhnya Kumāra ialah satu lagi wujud Śambhu (Śiva), yang meliputi seluruh alam semesta ini. Apabila Śambhu berkenan kerana tapa, baginda menganugerahkan kedudukan yang tertinggi.

Word by Word

• कुमारः: Kumāra (Skanda)
• कुमारः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुमार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha/Discourse particle (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), अव्यय; अर्थे—खलु/नूनम् (indeed)

• अपरः: other, another
• अपरः: Viśeṣaṇa (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifier)

• शंभुः: Śambhu (Śiva)
• शंभुः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता) (apposition to कुमारः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शंभु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• येन: by whom/through whom
• येन: Karaṇa (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन; सम्बन्धे (relative pronoun)

• सर्वम्: all
• सर्वम्: Viśeṣaṇa (modifier of इदम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण

• इदम्: this (universe)
• इदम्: Karma/Adhikaraṇa in passive sense (object-like subject/कर्मवत् कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन

• ततम्: pervaded, spread
• ततम्: Viśeṣaṇa (predicate adjective/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तन् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण

• तपसा: by austerity
• तपसा: Karaṇa (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/3rd), एकवचन

• तोषितः: pleased, satisfied
• तोषितः: Karta (as qualified subject/कर्ता-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुष् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (of शंभुः)

• शंभुः: Śambhu (Śiva)
• शंभुः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शंभु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• ददाति: gives
• ददाति: Kriyā (action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

• परमम्: supreme
• परमम्: Viśeṣaṇa (modifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण (of पदम्)

• पदम्: state, abode, position
• पदम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

Speaker

Unnamed narrator continuing the discourse (deduced: Sūta/Lomaharṣaṇa)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Kedāra (Kedāranātha)

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A serene Himalayan shrine-scape: Kedāra peaks and a liṅga sanctum; Kumāra envisioned as Śiva’s own form, radiating pervasion over the cosmos; ascetics performing tapas as Śambhu bestows the ‘supreme state’.

Characters & Entities

• Kumāra (Skanda/Kārttikeya)
• Śambhu (Śiva)

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Austerity offered with devotion pleases Śiva, and divine grace grants the highest spiritual attainment.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The verse is theological rather than geographical; it sits within Kedārakhaṇḍa’s Kedāra-Himalayan sanctity.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Tapas (austerity) as a means to please Śambhu and attain the supreme state.