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Shloka 4

Sadācāra–Varṇa-lakṣaṇa and Prātaḥkṛtya

Right Conduct, Social Typologies, and Morning Purification

शूद्र ब्राह्मण इत्युक्तः स्वयमेव हि कर्षकः । असूयालुः परद्रो ही चंडालद्विज उच्यते

śūdra brāhmaṇa ityuktaḥ svayameva hi karṣakaḥ | asūyāluḥ paradro hī caṃḍāladvija ucyate

Seorang brahmana yang hidup seperti shudra sebenarnya hanyalah seorang pembajak tanah. Namun, seorang yang lahir dua kali yang iri hati dan bermusuhan dengan orang lain disebut sebagai chandala di kalangan dvija.

śūdraḥa Śūdra
śūdraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootśūdra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine/पुंलिङ्ग), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/प्रथमा), Ekavacana (Singular/एकवचन)
brāhmaṇaḥa Brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootbrāhmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; quotation particle (iti—इति, end-quote marker)
uktaḥis called/said
uktaḥ:
Karma (कर्म/Predicate complement)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
FormKṛdanta; Bhūtakāla-kṛdanta (past passive participle/क्त), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; passive sense ‘said/called’
svayamby oneself
svayam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsvayam (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb (स्वयम्)
evaindeed/only
eva:
Nipāta (निपात/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; emphatic particle (एव)
hiindeed/for
hi:
Nipāta (निपात/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; particle (हि) indicating emphasis/reason
karṣakaḥa farmer
karṣakaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootkarṣaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
asūyāluḥone who is envious
asūyāluḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootasūyālu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; adjective used substantively
paradraḥone who is hostile to others
paradraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootparadra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; adjective used substantively
hiindeed
hi:
Nipāta (निपात/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; particle (हि)
caṃḍāladvijaḥa ‘caṇḍāla-like’ twice-born
caṃḍāladvijaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootcaṃḍāla (प्रातिपदिक) + dvija (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; karmadhāraya ‘dvija who is (like) a caṇḍāla’
ucyateis called
ucyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormLaṭ lakāra (Present/लट्), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd/प्रथमपुरुष), Ekavacana; Ātmanepada passive usage (भावे/कर्मणि) ‘is called’

Suta Goswami (narrating Shiva-dharma teachings to the sages at Naimisharanya)

Tattva Level: pasha

Shiva Form: Bhairava

Jyotirlinga: Viśvanātha

Sthala Purana: Kāśī’s dharma-tradition often pairs Viśvanātha’s grace with Bhairava’s guardianship and moral policing: envy and harm to others are treated as spiritual degradation, warranting ‘caṇḍāla’ status among dvijas—an ethical ‘saṃhāra’ of false prestige.

Significance: Warns pilgrims and practitioners that tīrtha and birth-status do not protect one who violates ahiṃsā and goodwill; moral purification is prerequisite for Śiva’s saving presence.

Shakti Form: Durgā

Role: teaching

S
Shiva

FAQs

It teaches that spiritual stature is measured by conduct and inner purity, not merely by social designation; envy and harming others are forms of bondage (pāśa) that obstruct Shiva-bhakti and liberation.

Linga-worship is meant to purify the heart; approaching Saguna Shiva with envy and hostility contradicts the aim of worship, while humility and non-harm make devotion fruitful and lead toward grace.

Practice ahimsa and removal of asūyā (envy) alongside daily Shiva-japa (e.g., Panchakshara ‘Om Namaḥ Śivāya’) and simple Linga-pūjā, making ethical restraint the core discipline.