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Shloka 3

Mahiṣāsura’s Conquest of Svarga and the Devas’ Appeal to Śiva and Viṣṇu

पराजितास्ततो देवा ब्रह्माणं शरणं ययुः । ब्रह्मापि तान्समादाय ययौ यत्र वृषाकपी

parājitāstato devā brahmāṇaṃ śaraṇaṃ yayuḥ | brahmāpi tānsamādāya yayau yatra vṛṣākapī

Kemudian para dewa yang tewas dan kalah itu pergi berlindung kepada Brahmā. Brahmā pun menghimpunkan mereka lalu berangkat ke tempat Vṛṣa dan Kapi berada.

पराजिताःdefeated
पराजिताः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootपरि√जि (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle) from परि√जि (to defeat) in passive sense ‘defeated’
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb) of time/sequence
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन
ब्रह्माणम्Brahmā
ब्रह्माणम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्/ब्रह्मा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
शरणम्refuge
शरणम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootशरण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; गत्यर्थक-क्रियायाः (ययुः) सह ‘as refuge’ (predicate object)
ययुःwent
ययुः:
Kriya (क्रिया/Main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√या (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
ब्रह्माBrahmā
ब्रह्मा:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्/ब्रह्मा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha/Emphasis (सम्बन्ध/निपातार्थ)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (particle)
तान्them
तान्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
समादायhaving taken (them) along
समादाय:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ√दा (धातु) + क्त्वा (अव्यय-भाव)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), पूर्वकाल; from सम्-आ√दा (to take along, gather)
ययौwent
ययौ:
Kriya (क्रिया/Main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√या (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; सम्बन्धबोधक-अव्यय (relative adverb: where)
वृषाकपीVṛṣa and Kapi (Nandin and Hanumān)
वृषाकपी:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location context: ‘where were…’)
TypeNoun
Rootवृष (प्रातिपदिक) + कपि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व: वृषः च कपिः च (Nandin and Hanumān)

Suta Goswami

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Paśupatinātha

Role: liberating

B
Brahma
D
Devas
V
Vṛṣa
K
Kapi

FAQs

It highlights śaraṇāgati (seeking refuge) after defeat—when limited powers fail, the devas turn to a higher principle of guidance, preparing the ground for grace and right alignment with Dharma under the Lord’s order.

Though Shiva is not named in this line, the pattern is Shaiva: worldly strength is insufficient, so one seeks shelter through higher divine mediation—ultimately pointing toward Saguna Shiva’s protectiveness and the devotee’s surrender that Linga-worship embodies.

The takeaway is śaraṇāgati with japa—especially the Panchakshara mantra “Om Namaḥ Śivāya”—performed with humility, along with simple Tripuṇḍra (bhasma) application as a reminder of dependence on Pati (Shiva) rather than egoic power.