Shloka 13

नरकनामनिर्णयः

Catalogue of Narakas and Karmic Causes

Devanagari script

देवद्विजपितृद्वेष्टा रत्नदूषयिता च यः । स याति कृमिभक्षं वै कृमीनत्ति दुरिष्टकृत्

Transliteration

devadvijapitṛdveṣṭā ratnadūṣayitā ca yaḥ | sa yāti kṛmibhakṣaṃ vai kṛmīnatti duriṣṭakṛt

Translation

Sesiapa yang membenci para Deva, kaum Dvija (Brahmana) dan para Pitṛ, serta mencemari atau merosakkan permata yang berharga—pelaku upacara jahat itu akan jatuh ke keadaan dimakan ulat, dan di sana dia sendiri memakan ulat.

Word by Word

• देवद्विजपितृद्वेष्टा: hater of gods, Brahmins, and ancestors
• देवद्विजपितृद्वेष्टा: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva + dvija + pitṛ + dveṣṭṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समास: देव-द्विज-पितृ-द्वेष्टृ (तत्पुरुष: ‘hater of gods, twice-born, and ancestors’)

• रत्नदूषयिता: defiler of valuables
• रत्नदूषयिता: Karta (कर्ता; apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ratna + dūṣayitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समास: रत्न-दूषयितृ (तत्पुरुष: ‘defiler/corruptor of jewels/valuables’)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (समुच्चयबोधक/conjunction): ‘and’

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (कर्ता; relative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तद्-सम्बन्ध (correlative)

• याति: goes
• याति: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: yā (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present/लट्), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; धातु: या ‘to go’

• कृमिभक्षम्: to being eaten by worms
• कृमिभक्षम्: Gati-karma (गतिकर्म/destination as object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṛmi + bhakṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; समास: कृमि-भक्ष (तत्पुरुष: ‘food of worms’ / ‘worm-food state’)

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vai (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (निपात/particle): emphasis ‘indeed’

• कृमीन्: worms
• कृमीन्: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṛmi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• अत्ति: eats
• अत्ति: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ad (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; धातु: अद् ‘to eat’

• दुरिष्टकृत्: doer of evil rites/deeds
• दुरिष्टकृत्: Karta (कर्ता; apposition to saḥ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dur + iṣṭa + kṛt (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समास: दुर्-इष्ट-कृत् (तत्पुरुष: ‘doer of evil rites/evil acts’)

Speaker

Suta Goswami (narrating the teaching of karmic consequences to the sages of Naimisharanya within the Umāsaṃhitā context)

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pasha

Shiva Form: Paśupatinātha

Cosmic Context

Cosmic Event: Naraka-phala (karmic retribution) description

Characters & Entities

• Devas
• Brahmanas (Dvijas)
• Pitrs (Ancestors)

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

It teaches that dveṣa (malice) toward sacred supports of dharma—Devas, Brahmanas, and Pitṛs—creates severe bondage (pāśa) and leads to degrading karmic results, opposing the Shaiva path of purification and grace (anugraha).

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

Linga-worship in the Shiva Purana is grounded in śuddhi (purity), reverence, and non-injury; hatred and defilement contradict the devotional discipline that makes Saguna Shiva worship fruitful and receptive to Shiva’s anugraha.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

Adopt daily Shiva-oriented purity: japa of the Panchakshara (Om Namaḥ Śivāya), Pitṛ-tarpaṇa with respect, and disciplined conduct (ahiṃsā, non-malice); such inner restraint is the practical takeaway rather than any specific external item like rudrākṣa or bhasma in this verse.