Rig Veda Sukta 3
Mandala 7Sukta 310 Mantras

Sukta 3

Sukta 7.3

Rishi

Vasiṣṭha

Chandas

Triṣṭubh

Himne Vasiṣṭha ini menyeru Agni sebagai utusan (dūta) yang paling layak dan kuasa keimaman, yang teguh bersemayam di tengah manusia fana namun memikul ṛta (tatanan-kebenaran). Agni dipuji dalam kemilauannya yang bercahaya, laksana suria dan menggelegar seperti guruh, serta dimohon agar menyalakan kemakmuran, kejernihan akal budi (su-cetas/kratu), dan kesejahteraan yang berkekalan bagi para penyanyi serta komuniti mereka.

Recitation with translationRig Veda 7.3

In this hymn

Addressed to

  • Agni

    Agni is the yajiṣṭha (most worship-worthy) fire and the dūta (messenger) who carries offerings, purifies with luminous heat, and manifests with a radiant face like gold, with force like thunder and brilliance like the sun.

Mantras

Mantra 1

अग्निं वो देवमग्निभिः सजोषा यजिष्ठं दूतमध्वरे कृणुध्वम् । यो मर्त्येषु निध्रुविॠतावा तपुर्मूर्धा घृतान्नः पावकः ॥

Wahai kamu, jadikanlah Agni sang dewa—seia sekata bersama api-api ilahi—sebagai utusan yang paling layak disembah dalam yajña; dia yang dalam kalangan manusia teguh bersemayam, penegak ṛta (hukum-kebenaran), berkepala daya yang menyala, disuap dengan ghṛta (sari bercahaya), Sang Penyuci.

Mantra 2

प्रोथदश्वो न यवसेऽविष्यन्यदा महः संवरणाद्व्यस्थात् । आदस्य वातो अनु वाति शोचिरध स्म ते व्रजनं कृष्णमस्ति ॥

Ia meluru ke hadapan laksana kuda yang mencari rumput pakannya, tatkala ia menonjol keluar dari kepungan yang besar. Lalu angin menuruti nyalanya; maka sesungguhnya jejak gerakmu menjadi hitam—ke mana Api berlalu, kegelapan terbakar menjadi tanda laluan.

Mantra 3

उद्यस्य ते नवजातस्य वृष्णोऽग्ने चरन्त्यजरा इधानाः । अच्छा द्यामरुषो धूम एति सं दूतो अग्न ईयसे हि देवान् ॥

Tatkala engkau lahir baharu, wahai Agni Sang Banteng yang perkasa, nyalaan-nyalaan penyalaanmu yang tidak menua bergerak dan merebak. Asapmu yang kemerah-merahan naik menuju langit; sebagai utusan, engkau benar-benar berjalan kepada para dewa, menyatukan alam-alam.

Mantra 4

वि यस्य ते पृथिव्यां पाजो अश्रेत्तृषु यदन्ना समवृक्त जम्भैः । सेनेव सृष्टा प्रसितिष्ट एति यवं न दस्म जुह्वा विवेक्षि ॥

Wahai Agni, keperkasaanmu terbentang di bumi; tatkala dengan rahangmu engkau membersihkan makanan di tempat-tempat yang kering. Doronganmu ke hadapan bergerak laksana tentera yang dilepaskan; wahai yang mengagumkan, dengan lidah-persembahan (juhvā) engkau mengasingkan biji-bijian—mengetahui apa yang wajar diangkat ke dalam api.

Mantra 5

तमिद्दोषा तमुषसि यविष्ठमग्निमत्यं न मर्जयन्त नरः । निशिशाना अतिथिमस्य योनौ दीदाय शोचिराहुतस्य वृष्णः ॥

Dia pada malam, dia pada fajar—Api yang termuda—digilap manusia seperti kuda perang digilap. Dengan menajamkannya, sang tetamu, pada tempat duduknya sendiri, nyala si perkasa menyala-nyala apabila persembahan telah diletakkan ke dalamnya.

Mantra 6

सुसंदृक्ते स्वनीक प्रतीकं वि यद्रुक्मो न रोचस उपाके । दिवो न ते तन्यतुरेति शुष्मश्चित्रो न सूरः प्रति चक्षि भानुम् ॥

Indah dipandang wajahmu yang berseri; engkau bersinar dekat di hadapan seperti perhiasan emas. Kekuatanmu meluru seperti guruh langit; laksana matahari yang menakjubkan engkau menoleh kembali dengan sinarmu—menerangi apa yang harus dilihat.

Mantra 7

यथा वः स्वाहाग्नये दाशेम परीळाभिर्घृतवद्भिश्च हव्यैः । तेभिर्नो अग्ने अमितैर्महोभिः शतं पूर्भिरायसीभिर्नि पाहि ॥

Agar kami dapat mempersembahkan “svāhā” kepada Agni dengan doa-doa yang melingkupi, serta dengan persembahan (havya) yang kaya ghee—dengan kebesaranmu yang tidak terukur itu, wahai Api, peliharalah kami; dengan seratus kubu besi, lindungilah diri kami.

Mantra 8

या वा ते सन्ति दाशुषे अधृष्टा गिरो वा याभिर्नृवतीरुरुष्याः । ताभिर्नः सूनो सहसो नि पाहि स्मत्सूरीञ्जरितॄञ्जातवेदः ॥

Apa jua ujaranmu yang tidak dapat ditundukkan bagi si pemberi—kekuatan-kekuatan bicara yang dengannya engkau meluaskan dan melindungi tenaga-tenaga keperwiraan—dengan itu peliharalah kami, wahai Putera Kekuatan; jauhkanlah daripada kami para pemimpin yang bercahaya dan para penyanyi puji-pujian, wahai Jātavedas.

Mantra 9

निर्यत्पूतेव स्वधितिः शुचिर्गात्स्वया कृपा तन्वा रोचमानः । आ यो मात्रोरुशेन्यो जनिष्ट देवयज्याय सुक्रतुः पावकः ॥

Apabila ia maju ke hadapan, suci bagaikan kapak yang telah disucikan—terang, bersinar oleh tubuhnya sendiri yang terbentuk—dia yang diingini, lahir daripada dua ibu, datang untuk pemujaan para dewa: yang menyala-jernih, berkehendak baik dan berkerja benar, Sang Pāvaka.

Mantra 10

एता नो अग्ने सौभगा दिदीह्यपि क्रतुं सुचेतसं वतेम । विश्वा स्तोतृभ्यो गृणते च सन्तु यूयं पात स्वस्तिभिः सदा नः ॥

Wahai Agni, nyalakanlah bagi kami segala tuah kebahagiaan ini; dan semoga kami mencapai kratu—kehendak yang bercahaya dengan pengertian yang suci. Semoga segala kebaikan menjadi milik para pemuji dan para pengalun; peliharalah kami sentiasa dengan swasti—harmoni kesejahteraan-Mu.

Inside Sukta 3

How it unfolds

  1. Where it opens

    Agni is established as the unanimous choice of the rite—most worshipful messenger, firmly set among mortals, bearer of ṛta and purifier.

  2. Development

    Praise expands from Agni’s ritual role to his visible epiphany: golden radiance, near-at-hand brilliance, and a power that moves like thunder while illuminating like the sun.

  3. Climax

    Agni’s luminous manifestation becomes a revelation of divine force that both purifies and makes truth-visible—linking cosmic power with the sacrificer’s right understanding.

  4. Where it settles

    The hymn closes with a direct petition: may Agni blaze forth prosperity and grant clear-minded kratu; may all good accrue to the praisers, and may Agni guard them always with svasti.

The deity: Agni

  • Cosmic functionMediator between humans and gods; transformer of offerings into divine share; upholder of ṛta through the ordered rite; energizer of life through heat, light, and sacrificial ascent.
  • Inner significanceThe awakened flame of discernment and aspiration—purifying intention, carrying prayer upward, and kindling a clear will (kratu) aligned with truth and harmony (svasti).

The seer

  • VasiṣṭhaVasiṣṭha (Vasiṣṭha-gotra); chief seer of the Vasiṣṭhas · Foremost among the Seven Ṛṣis and a principal poet of Maṇḍala 7; celebrated as a brahman-priestly seer whose hymns articulate ṛta, kingship, and the right ordering of sacrifice.

Famous verses

yajiṣṭhaṃ dūtam adhvare
Verse 7.3.1Programmatic opening: installs Agni as yajiṣṭha dūta in the adhvara and describes him as ṛtāvā, tapuḥ-mūrdhā, and pāvaka—defining the hymn’s ritual and spiritual focus.Read verse 7.3.1 →
सुसंदृक्ते स्वनीक प्रतीकं वि यद्रुक्मो न रोचस उपाके । दिवो न ते तन्यतुरेति शुष्मश्चित्रो न सूरः प्रति चक्षि भानुम् ॥
Verse 7.3.6Iconic theophany: Agni’s face shines like gold; his force goes forth like thunder and he illumines like a wondrous sun—capturing Agni’s solar-thunderous aspect.Read verse 7.3.6 →
yūyaṃ pāta svastibhiḥ sadā naḥ
Verse 7.3.10Concluding benediction: requests saubhāgya and a lucid, well-guided kratu, extending blessings to all singers and asking continual protection through svasti.Read verse 7.3.10 →

Attributes of the deity

  • dūta (messenger)
  • pāvaka (purifier)
  • ṛtāvā (aligned with ṛta)
  • tapuḥ-mūrdhā (burning/ardent-headed)
  • ghṛtānna (fed with ghee, luminous essence)
  • radiant, golden-faced presence
  • thunder-like force and sun-like illumination

Also by this seer

  • Large portions of Rig Veda Maṇḍala 7 (many sūktas attributed to the Vasiṣṭha family)
  • Vasiṣṭha-associated traditions in later Vedic-Itihāsa lore, including priestly roles and teachings on dharma (as developed in later texts)

The rite, step by step

  • Prepare and clean the altar/vedi; establish the sacred space and intention.
  • Kindle Agni (ādhāna/āhavana lighting) and seat him as hotṛ/dūta with recitation.
  • Offer ghṛta (ghee) and kindling while praising Agni’s ṛta-bearing, purifying nature.
  • Invite Agni to carry the offering to the gods and to illumine the sacrificer’s kratu (will/intelligence).
  • Conclude with blessings for saubhāgya (felicity), svasti (well-being), and protection of the singers/community.

Offerings

  • Ghṛta (ghee)
  • Samidh (kindling sticks)
  • Havis (simple oblations such as grains/milk, as appropriate to the rite)

Frequently Asked Questions

Agni is praised—the sacred Fire who serves as the messenger between humans and the gods and purifies the sacrifice.

The hymn asks Agni to blaze forth prosperity (saubhāgya), grant a clear and luminous will/intelligence (kratu), and protect the community with lasting well-being (svasti).

These images describe Agni’s visible and cosmic power: golden radiance (beauty and purity), thunder-like force (divine energy), and sun-like illumination (making truth and right action seen).

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