Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 93, Shloka 7

Sarga 93: Rāvaṇa’s Grief and Fury after Indrajit’s Fall; Move to Slay Vaidehī and Ministerial Restraint

Devanagari script

ननुत्वमिषुभिःक्रुद्धोभिन्द्याःकालान्तकावपि ।।।।मन्दरस्यापिशृङ्गाणिकिंपुनर्लक्ष्मणंयुधि ।

Transliteration

nanu tvam iṣubhiḥ kruddho bhindyāḥ kālāntakāv api |

mandarasyāpi śṛṅgāṇi kiṃ punar lakṣmaṇaṃ yudhi || 6.93.7 ||

Translation

Sesungguhnya, apabila engkau murka, dengan anak panahmu engkau mampu menembusi Kāla (Maut) sekalipun, bahkan puncak-puncak Gunung Mandara; apatah lagi Lakṣmaṇa di medan perang.

Word by Word

• nanu: indeed/why, tell me
• nanu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्योपपादक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nanu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle), संबोधन/प्रश्नार्थ-प्रस्तावक (emphatic/interrogative particle)

• tvam: you
• tvam: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग/स्त्रीलिङ्ग (common); प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)

• iṣubhiḥ: with arrows
• iṣubhiḥ: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: iṣu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन (Plural)

• kruddhaḥ: angry
• kruddhaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: krudh (धातु) > kruddha (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past participle); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण (adjective) of tvam

• bhindyāḥ: you could pierce/split
• bhindyāḥ: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhid (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative); मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• kālāntakau: even the two death-dealers (like Time and Death)
• kālāntakau: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla + antaka (प्रातिपदिके)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (kālaḥ antakaḥ = 'Time as destroyer'); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), द्विवचन (Dual)

• api: even/also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्योपपादक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle) = 'also/even'

• mandarasya: of Mandara (mountain)
• mandarasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mandara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• api: even
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्योपपादक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle)

• śṛṅgāṇi: peaks/horns
• śṛṅgāṇi: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śṛṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), बहुवचन

• kim: what?
• kim: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/प्रश्न)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय (interrogative particle)

• punar: then/again
• punar: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: punar (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb) = 'again/then'

• lakṣmaṇam: Lakshmana
• lakṣmaṇam: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• yudhi: in battle
• yudhi: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yudh (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; अव्ययीभावार्थे (locative adverbial)

Context

'When angry, you could pierce with arrows even the time spirit or peak of Mandara mountain, why to speak of Lakshmana again'?

Characters & Entities

• Lakṣmaṇa
• Kāla (Death/Time)
• Mandara (mountain)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

In the war-ethic frame, it praises martial capability and resolve; dharma here is the valor expected of a fighter facing battle.

What is the narrative situation?

A speaker extols someone’s power with arrows, using hyperbole (piercing Kāla, Mandara’s peaks) to suggest Lakṣmaṇa is not an insurmountable foe.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Śaurya (valor) and confidence in combat prowess.