Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 65, Shloka 31

कुम्भकर्णप्रस्थानम्

Kumbhakarna’s Departure for Battle

Devanagari script

सर्वाभरणसर्वाङ्गश्शूलपाणिस्सराक्षसः ।त्रिविक्रमकृतोत्साहोनारायणइवाबभौ ।।।।भ्रातरंसम्परिष्वज्यकृत्वाचापिप्रदक्षिणम् ।प्रणम्यशिरसातस्मैसम्प्रतस्थेमहाबलः ।।।।

Transliteration

sarvābharaṇasarvāṅgaḥ śūlapāṇiḥ sa rākṣasaḥ | trivikramakṛtotsāho nārāyaṇa iva ābabhau || bhrātaraṃ sampariṣvajya kṛtvā cāpi pradakṣiṇam | praṇamya śirasā tasmai sampratasthē mahābalaḥ ||

Translation

Berhiaskan perhiasan pada setiap anggota, Rākṣasa yang memegang trisula itu tampak bagaikan Nārāyaṇa, bersemangat untuk tiga langkah agung. Lalu ia memeluk saudaranya, mengelilinginya dengan pradakṣiṇa sebagai hormat, menundukkan kepala bersujud, dan yang maha perkasa pun berangkat.

Word by Word

• सर्वाभरणसर्वाङ्गः: adorned on all limbs with ornaments
• सर्वाभरणसर्वाङ्गः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व-आभरण-सर्व-अङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः (सर्वैः आभरणैः सर्वाणि अङ्गानि यस्य = whose whole body is adorned with ornaments)

• शूलपाणिः: having a trident in hand
• शूलपाणिः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शूल-पाणि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (शूलं पाणौ यस्य)

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• राक्षसः: the Rakshasa
• राक्षसः: समानााधिकरण (Apposition to subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राक्षस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• त्रिविक्रमकृतोत्साहः: whose zeal was for the three strides (like Trivikrama)
• त्रिविक्रमकृतोत्साहः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रि-विक्रम-कृत-उत्साह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहिः (त्रिविक्रमं कर्तुं उत्साहः यस्य)

• नारायणः: Narayana
• नारायणः: उपमान (Upamana/Standard of comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नारायण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• इव: like
• इव: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Comparative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-अव्यय

• अबभौ: appeared, shone forth
• अबभौ: क्रिया (Kriya/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भा (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Context

Decked with ornaments on all his limbs, with pike in hand, the Rakshasa was like Narayana ready to take three strides to cover the universe. Endowed with great strength, embraced his brother, went round in reverence bowing down his head and sallied forth.

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Rāvaṇa
• Nārāyaṇa
• Śūla (trident)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Even amid war, dharma preserves reverence and proper conduct: respect to elders/kinsmen through embrace, circumambulation, and bowing reflects disciplined social ethics alongside martial duty.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa, fully armed and ornamented, pays respect to Rāvaṇa as his brother and king, and then departs for the battlefield.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Bhakti-like reverence and loyalty within family and polity, joined with courage and readiness.