Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 63, Shloka 13

कुम्भकर्णोपदेशः

Kumbhakarna’s Counsel and War-Boast to Ravana

Devanagari script

हितानुबन्धमालोच्यकार्यात्कार्यमिहात्मनः ।राजासहार्थतत्त्वज्ञैस्सचिवैर्बुस्सहिजीवति ।।6.63.13।।

Transliteration

hitānubandham ālocya kāryāt kāryam ihātmanaḥ |

rājā sahārthatattvajñaiḥ sacivair buddhisahāya jīvati || 6.63.13 ||

Translation

Seorang raja yang menimbang ikatan akibat jangka panjang dari yang bermanfaat, lalu menetapkan tiap urusan sebagaimana patutnya di dunia ini—bersama para menteri yang mengetahui hakikat perkara—hidup ditopang oleh nasihat dan kebijaksanaan mereka.

Word by Word

• हितानुबन्धम्: beneficial consequence/connected benefit
• हितानुबन्धम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हित-अनुबन्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (हितस्य अनुबन्धः)

• आलोच्य: having considered
• आलोच्य: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-लुच्/लोच् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव; ‘having considered/reflected’

• कार्यात्: from an action
• कार्यात्: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कार्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (अपादान), एकवचन; ‘from/by reason of an action’

• कार्यम्: what should be done; task
• कार्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कार्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचन

• इह: here
• इह: Desha-adhikarana (देशाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (locative adverb)

• आत्मनः: of oneself
• आत्मनः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचन

• सह: together with
• सह: Sahakaraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; सहार्थक उपपद (with)

• अर्थतत्त्वज्ञैः: with knowers of true policy/reality
• अर्थतत्त्वज्ञैः: Sahakaraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्थ-तत्त्व-ज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (करण/सह), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (अर्थस्य तत्त्वं जानन्ति)

• सचिवैः: with ministers
• सचिवैः: Sahakaraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सचिव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (सह), बहुवचन

• बहुभिः: many
• बहुभिः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण (सचिवैः)

• सह: together with
• सह: Sahakaraka (सहकारक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; सहार्थक उपपद

• जीवति: lives/prospers
• जीवति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जीव् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

Context

"That king who knows the reality of things and makes decisions in consultation with his ministers, who make their living with their intelligence will live happily."

Characters & Entities

• Kumbhakarṇa
• Rāvaṇa
• rājā (king)
• saciva (ministers)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in governance is foresight: weighing beneficial outcomes and acting through informed counsel rather than impulse sustains the ruler and the realm.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa explains that a king thrives by reflecting on welfare and relying on ministers who understand practical realities.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Foresight (dīrghadarśitā) and respect for competent counsel.