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Shloka 13

विभीषणोपदेशे रावणस्य परुषवाक्यम्

Ravana’s Harsh Reply to Vibhishana’s Counsel

यथापूर्वंगजस्स्नात्वागृह्यहस्तेनवैरजः ।दूषयत्यात्मनोदेहंतथानार्येषुसङ्गतम् ।।।।

yathā pūrvaṃ gajaḥ snātvā gṛhya hastena vai rajaḥ | dūṣayaty ātmano dehaṃ tathā 'nāryeṣu saṅgatam || 6.16.13 ||

Seperti gajah setelah mandi lalu dengan belalainya mengambil debu dan mengotori tubuhnya sendiri, demikian juga pergaulan dengan orang yang tidak mulia menajiskan keadaan baik diri sendiri.

यथाjust as
यथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
Formउपमा-अव्यय
पूर्वम्first
पूर्वम्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकाल-अव्यय (adverbial accusative: first/before)
गजःan elephant
गजः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootगज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
स्नात्वाhaving bathed
स्नात्वा:
Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्ना (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund)
गृह्यhaving taken
गृह्य:
Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootग्रह् (धातु)
Formल्यप्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund)
हस्तेनwith (its) hand/trunk
हस्तेन:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootहस्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (emphasis)
रजःdust
रजः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootरजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
दूषयतिdefiles/soils
दूषयति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootदूष् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
आत्मनःof itself/its own
आत्मनः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
देहम्body
देहम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootदेह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
तथाso/likewise
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formतुलना-अव्यय
अनार्येषुamong the unworthy
अनार्येषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootअनार्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
सङ्गतम्association
सङ्गतम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसम् + गम् (धातु) + त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP used as noun), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (predicate)

"Just as an elephant takes dust with its trunk and abuses (and spreads on) its own body after taking a bath so also is the association with unworthy ones."

R
Rāvaṇa
V
Vibhīṣaṇa
E
Elephant (gaja)

FAQs

Dharma stresses guarding one’s conduct through wholesome company; bad association can undo one’s purity and discipline, like self-soiling after cleansing.

Rāvaṇa continues his tirade, using vivid imagery to argue that association with ‘unworthy’ persons is degrading.

Discernment in choosing companions (saṅga-viveka) is implied as a virtue; the scene also exposes Rāvaṇa’s misuse of counsel as insult.