Shloka 1

प्रथमः सर्गः

Rama Praises Hanuman; Anxiety over Crossing the Ocean

Devanagari script

श्रुत्वा हनुमतो वाक्यं यथावदभिभाषितम् ।रामः प्रीतिसमायुक्तो वाक्यमुत्तरमब्रवीत् ।।।।

Transliteration

śrutvā hanumato vākyaṃ yathāvad abhibhāṣitam |

rāmaḥ prītisamāyukto vākyam uttaram abravīt ||

Translation

Setelah mendengar kata-kata Hanumān yang diucapkan dengan tepat dan teratur, Rāma yang dipenuhi kasih sayang pun menyampaikan jawapannya.

Word by Word

• कृतम्: done; accomplished
• कृतम्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा; कर्मणि/भावे (done/accomplished)

• हनुमता: by Hanuman
• हनुमता: Kartr-karana (कर्तृकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हनुमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग; एकवचन; तृतीया (instrumental)

• कार्यम्: task; deed
• कार्यम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कार्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा (as subject with 'कृतम्')

• सुमहत्: very great
• सुमहत्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु + महत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उपसर्गपूर्वक विशेषण; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा; विशेषण (qualifying 'कार्यम्')

• भुवि: on earth; in the world
• भुवि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भू (प्रातिपदिक: भुव्/भू)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; एकवचन; सप्तमी (locative)

• दुर्लभम्: hard to obtain; rare
• दुर्लभम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुर् + लभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उपसर्गपूर्वक विशेषण; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा; विशेषण (qualifying 'कार्यम्')

• मनसा: by mind; in thought
• मनसा: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; तृतीया (instrumental)

• अपि: even
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अप्यर्थ (even/also)

• यत्: which
• यत्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा/द्वितीया-सामानाधिकरण्ये (relative pronoun referring to 'कार्यम्')

• अन्येन: by another (person)
• अन्येन: Kartr-karana (कर्तृकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग; एकवचन; तृतीया (instrumental)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक अव्यय (not)

• शक्यम्: possible
• शक्यम्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शक्य (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त)
• Form: तव्यत्/यत्-प्रत्ययान्त भाव्यर्थक कृदन्त (potential/possible); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा; विधेय (predicate)

• धरणीतले: on the surface of the earth
• धरणीतले: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धरणी + तल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (धरण्याः तलम्); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; सप्तमी (locative)

Context

"Having done the task assigned to him, Hanuman carried out what had to be done and accomplished without difficulty. This made Sugriva also happy."

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Hanumān

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in leadership includes honoring truthful service: Rāma listens carefully and responds with prīti (affection), modeling respectful, dharmic communication.

What is the narrative situation?

At the opening of Yuddhakāṇḍa, after Hanumān reports his mission, Rāma prepares to respond.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rāma’s gratitude and composure: he receives counsel properly and answers without rashness.