Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 63, Shloka 8

दधिमुख

विज्ञापनम् / Dadhimukha Reports the Madhuvana Incident

Devanagari script

ततस्तैर्बहुभिर्वीरैर्वानरैर्वानरर्षभ।संरक्तनयनैः क्रोधाद्धरयः प्रविचालिताः।।।।

Transliteration

tatas tair bahubhir vīrair vānarair vānararṣabha | saṅraktanayanaiḥ krodhād harayaḥ pravicālitāḥ ||

Translation

Kemudian, wahai lembu jantan di antara Vānara, ramai pahlawan kera—mata mereka merah menyala kerana amarah—dalam murka telah menghalau para pengawal.

Word by Word

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb 'then'

• taiḥ: by them
• taiḥ: Kartṛ-karaṇa (कर्तृकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3), Plural; 'by them' (guards)

• bahubhiḥ: by many
• bahubhiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bahu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3), Plural; modifies vīraiḥ/vānaraiḥ

• vīraiḥ: by heroes
• vīraiḥ: Kartṛ-karaṇa (कर्तृकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vīra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3), Plural; 'by heroes'

• vānaraiḥ: by monkeys
• vānaraiḥ: Kartṛ-karaṇa (कर्तृकरणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3), Plural; apposition to vīraiḥ

• vānararṣabha: O bull among monkeys
• vānararṣabha: Sambodhana (सम्बोधनम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānara + ṛṣabha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative (सम्बोधन), Singular; address to Sugriva

• saṃraktanayanaiḥ: with reddened eyes
• saṃraktanayanaiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: saṃrakta + nayana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental (3), Plural; 'with reddened eyes' modifying the agents (taiḥ...vānaraiḥ)

• krodhāt: from anger
• krodhāt: Hetu (हेतुः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: krodha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Ablative (5), Singular; cause: 'from/through anger'

• harayaḥ: monkeys
• harayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1), Plural; subject of pravicālitāḥ

• pravicālitāḥ: were driven away
• pravicālitāḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया; predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-vi-√cal (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine Nominative Plural; predicate: 'driven away/chased off'

Context

"O Sugriva! the vanara guards were chased away by the many heroic monkeys, angry and red-eyed.

Characters & Entities

• Vānaras
• guards (driven away, implied)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma warns against actions performed under uncontrolled anger; even strength and heroism become ethically misdirected when used to oppress others.

What is the narrative situation?

The conflict escalates: the enraged monkeys chase away the grove’s guards.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

The implied virtue is kṣamā (forbearance); the verse shows how its absence turns a group into aggressors.