Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 49, Shloka 15

रावणदर्शनम्

Hanuman Beholds Ravana in Court

Devanagari script

स तैस्सम्पीड्यमानोऽपि रक्षोभिर्भीमविक्रमैः।विस्मयं परमं गत्वा रक्षोधिपमवैक्षत।।5.49.15।।

Transliteration

sa tais sampīḍyamāno 'pi rakṣobhir bhīmavikramaiḥ | vismayaṃ paramaṃ gatvā rakṣodhipam avaikṣata ||5.49.15||

Translation

Walau dihimpit kasar oleh raksasa yang mengerikan keberaniannya, dia diliputi kehairanan yang mendalam dan terus memandang penguasa raksasa itu.

Word by Word

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• taiḥ: by them
• taiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• sampīḍyamānaḥ: being pressed hard
• sampīḍyamānaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: sam-pīḍ (सम्+पीड् धातु)
• Form: शानच् (present passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'being pressed/harassed'

• api: even though
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), concessive 'even though'

• rakṣobhiḥ: by demons
• rakṣobhiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rakṣas (रक्षस् प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (collective), तृतीया, बहुवचन

• bhīma-vikramaiḥ: of terrible prowess
• bhīma-vikramaiḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhīma (भीम) + vikrama (विक्रम)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक (agreeing with rakṣobhiḥ), तृतीया, बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः; विशेषण

• vismayam: astonishment
• vismayam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vismaya (विस्मय प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• paramam: great
• paramam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parama (परम प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण

• gatvā: having reached/experienced
• gatvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (गम् धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), पूर्वकाल

• rakṣo-dhipam: the demon-king
• rakṣo-dhipam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rakṣas (रक्षस्) + adhipa (अधिप)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (रक्षसाम् अधिपः = lord of demons)

• avaikṣata: saw/looked at
• avaikṣata: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava-īkṣ (अव+ईक्ष् धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

Context

Hanuman looked at the demon king with great amazement even while he was dealt harshly by the demons of fierce valour.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Rāvaṇa (Rakṣodhipa)
• Rakṣasas (guards/handlers)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Steadfastness under unjust treatment: dharma includes endurance and self-control, especially when representing a righteous cause.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanuman is physically constrained and mistreated, yet continues to observe Ravana attentively.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Hanuman’s fortitude and mental steadiness under pressure.