Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 47, Shloka 30

अक्षवधः (The Slaying of Prince Aksha)

Sundarakāṇḍa Sarga 47

Devanagari script

इति प्रवेगं तु परस्य चिन्तयन्स्वकर्मयोगं च विधाय वीर्यवान्।चकार वेगं तु महाबलस्तदा मतिं च चक्रेऽस्य वधे महाकपिः।।5.47.30।।

Transliteration

iti pravegaṃ tu parasya cintayan svakarmayogaṃ ca vidhāya vīryavān |

cakāra vegaṃ tu mahābalas tadā matiṃ ca cakre ’sya vadhe mahākapiḥ ||5.47.30||

Translation

Demikian, setelah menimbang kelajuan musuh dan menyusun tata laksana tindakannya sendiri, sang mahākapi yang gagah lagi kuat memperhebat lajunya, serta menetapkan tekad untuk membunuh lawan itu.

Word by Word

• इति: thus
• इति: सम्बन्ध/वाक्योपपादन (discourse marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; वाक्यसमाप्तिसूचक/उद्धरणार्थक (quotative/particle: “thus”)

• प्रवेगम्: speed, impetus
• प्रवेगम्: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्र-वेग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचन (accusative singular)

• तु: indeed, but
• तु: सम्बन्ध (particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधान/विरोधार्थक निपात (particle: but/indeed)

• परस्य: of the enemy/other
• परस्य: षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध (possessor/related-to)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-विभक्ति; एकवचन (genitive singular)

• चिन्तयन्: reflecting upon
• चिन्तयन्: कर्तृ (agent; participial qualifier of subject)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चिन्त् (धातु) → चिन्तयत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त, शतृ)
• Form: वर्तमानकालिकः परस्मैपदी शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति; एकवचन (present active participle, nominative singular masculine)

• स्वकर्मयोगम्: his own plan/course of action
• स्वकर्मयोगम्: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्व + कर्म + योग (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचन (accusative singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (स्वस्य कर्मणः योगः = one’s own course/plan of action)

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक (conjunction: and)

• विधाय: having decided/arranged
• विधाय: पूर्वकाल (prior action to main verb)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि-धा (धातु) → विधाय (क्त्वान्त अव्यय/gerund)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (gerund/absolutive): “having arranged/decided/settled”

• वीर्यवान्: valiant, possessed of prowess
• वीर्यवान्: कर्तृ (agent; subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वीर्यवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति; एकवचन (nominative singular masculine); विशेषणम् (qualifier of subject)

• चकार: made, did; increased/put forth
• चकार: क्रिया (main action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु) → चकार (लिट्)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (perfect); परस्मैपदम्; प्रथम-पुरुषः; एकवचन (3rd person singular)

• वेगम्: speed, force
• वेगम्: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचन (accusative singular)

• तु: indeed
• तु: सम्बन्ध (particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधान/विरोधार्थक निपात (particle: but/indeed)

• महाबलः: very powerful
• महाबलः: कर्तृ (agent; subject-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महा + बल (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति; एकवचन (nominative singular masculine); कर्मधारयः (महद् बलं यस्य/महाबलः = very strong); विशेषणम्

• तदा: then
• तदा: अधिकरण (time circumstance)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (temporal adverb: then)

• मतिम्: intention, resolve, mind
• मतिम्: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-विभक्ति; एकवचन (accusative singular)

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक (conjunction: and)

• चक्रे: made (for himself), resolved
• चक्रे: क्रिया (main action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु) → चक्रे (लिट्, आत्मनेपदम्)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (perfect); आत्मनेपदम्; प्रथम-पुरुषः; एकवचन (3rd person singular, middle)

• अस्य: of him, his
• अस्य: षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध (possessor/target-related)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → अस्य
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-विभक्ति; एकवचन (genitive singular pronoun: “of him/this”)

• वधे: in killing, for the slaying
• वधे: अधिकरण (locus/occasion: “in/for killing”)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-विभक्ति; एकवचन (locative singular)

• महाकपिः: the mighty vanara (Hanuman)
• महाकपिः: कर्तृ (agent/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महा + कपि (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-विभक्ति; एकवचन (nominative singular masculine); कर्मधारयः (महान् कपिः = mighty monkey); कर्तृपदम्

Context

Reflecting on the power of the enemy, the mighty and valiant vanara thought of his own course of action. Hanuman made up his mind to kill the enemy and increased his speed.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Akṣa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes disciplined action guided by judgment: strength is paired with deliberation (planning one’s course) rather than mere impulse.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanumān gauges Akṣa’s capabilities, chooses a decisive course, and surges forward to end the fight.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Practical wisdom in conflict—combining reflection with swift execution.