Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 37, Shloka 15

हनूमत्सीतासंवादः

Hanuman’s Offer of Rescue and Sita’s Dharmic Refusal

Devanagari script

न स शक्यस्तुलयितुं व्यसनैः पुरुषर्षभः।अहं तस्य प्रभावज्ञा शक्रस्येव पुलोमजा ।।।।

Transliteration

na sa śakyas tulayituṃ vyasanaiḥ puruṣarṣabhaḥ |

ahaṃ tasya prabhāvajñā śakrasy eva pulomajā ||

Translation

Singa di antara manusia itu tidak dapat ditindih oleh malapetaka. Aku mengetahui keperkasaan baginda, sebagaimana Śacī, puteri Pulomā, mengetahui kekuatan Śakra (Indra).

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negation particle)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (singular)

• śakyaḥ: possible (to be)
• śakyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śakya (प्रातिपदिक; शक्-धातोः साध्य/योग्य अर्थे)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (singular); विधेय-विशेषण (predicative adjective)

• tulayitum: to compare/measure
• tulayitum: Kriyā-artha (क्रियार्थ/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: tul (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive), क्रियार्थक (purpose/action)

• vyasanaiḥ: by calamities/misfortunes
• vyasanaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vyasana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), तृतीया (Instrumental/3rd), बहुवचन (plural)

• puruṣa-rṣabhaḥ: bull among men
• puruṣa-rṣabhaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puruṣa + ṛṣabha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (best of men)

• aham: I
• aham: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-प्रयोगे (1st person pronoun), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (singular)

• tasya: of him
• tasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (singular)

• prabhāva-jñā: knowing his power
• prabhāva-jñā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prabhāva + jñā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (feminine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (singular); उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (knower of his might)

• śakrasya: of Indra
• śakrasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śakra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (masculine), षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (singular)

• iva: like
• iva: Upamāna-marker (उपमान-निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमानार्थक-अव्यय (comparative particle)

• pulomajā: Pulomā’s daughter (Śacī)
• pulomajā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pulomajā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (feminine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (singular)

Context

"O bull among men! he will not be shaken by calamities. Just as Sachi, the daughter of Puloma knows Indra's might I know Rama's.

Characters & Entities

• Sītā
• Hanumān
• Rāma
• Śakra (Indra)
• Śacī (implied by “Pulomajā”)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Steadfastness under suffering is a dharmic ideal; adversity tests but does not defeat the righteous.

What is the narrative situation?

Sītā strengthens Hanumān’s confidence by asserting that Rāma will not be overcome by misfortune.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Dhṛti (fortitude) and resilience in the face of vyasana (calamity).