Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 31, Shloka 5

सुन्‍दरकाण्डे एकत्रिंशः सर्गः

Hanuman’s Sweet Address to Sita and Sita’s Recognition

Devanagari script

पार्थिवव्यञ्जनैर्युक्तः पृथुश्रीः पार्थिवर्षभः।पृथिव्यां चतुरन्तायां विश्रुतस्सुखदस्सुखी।।।।

Transliteration

pārthivavyañjanair yuktaḥ pṛthuśrīḥ pārthivarṣabhaḥ | pṛthivyāṃ caturantāyāṃ viśrutaḥ sukhadaḥ sukhī ||

Translation

Dihiasi tanda-tanda kebesaran raja dan kemakmuran yang luas, baginda laksana lembu jantan di antara para pemerintah. Di bumi yang bersempadan empat, namanya masyhur—bahagia dirinya, dan pemberi bahagia kepada yang lain.

Word by Word

• tasya: of him (his)
• tasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); pronoun

• putraḥ: son
• putraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• priyaḥ: beloved
• priyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: priya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• jyeṣṭhaḥ: eldest
• jyeṣṭhaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: jyeṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक; superlative)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); superlative sense ‘eldest’

• tārādhipanibhānanaḥ: moon-faced
• tārādhipanibhānanaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tārādhipa (प्रातिपदिक) + nibha (प्रातिपदिक) + ānana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); बहुव्रीहि: ‘tārādhipa-nibham ānanaṃ yasya’ (whose face is like the moon)

• rāmaḥ: Rama
• rāmaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• nāma: by name
• nāma: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: nāma (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात): ‘by name’

• viśeṣajñaḥ: expert/wise
• viśeṣajñaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: viśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + jña (प्रातिपदिक; from √jñā)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); तत्पुरुष: ‘viśeṣaṃ jānāti’ (knower of distinctions; expert)

• śreṣṭhaḥ: foremost
• śreṣṭhaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śreṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• sarvadhanuṣmatām: among all wielders of bows
• sarvadhanuṣmatām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक) + dhanuṣmat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन); तत्पुरुष: ‘sarveṣāṃ dhanuṣmatām’ (of all bowmen)

Context

"Endowed with signs of kingship and vast wealth, he was a bull among rulers of the vast earth, surrounded by the sea. A happy king himself, he was well-known as a provider of happiness.

Characters & Entities

• pṛthivī (earth)
• rājya (kingship)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A righteous king is measured by lokasaṅgraha—public welfare: he is personally disciplined and prosperous, yet primarily a source of happiness and stability for the people.

What is the narrative situation?

Sītā continues her remembrance of the righteous royal order of Ayodhyā, highlighting the ideal of benevolent sovereignty.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Benevolent rulership: renown rooted in giving happiness (sukhada) rather than extracting it.