Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 13, Shloka 31

रावणभवनपरिक्रमणं हनूमतः शोकविचारश्च

Hanuman’s Circuit of Ravana’s Palace and the Crisis of Deliberation

Devanagari script

मातापित्रोर्विनाशेन सुग्रीवव्यसनेन च।।।।कुमारोऽप्यङ्गदः कस्माद्धारयिष्यति जीवितम्।

Transliteration

mātāpitror vināśena sugrīva-vyasaneṇa ca |

kumāro ’py aṅgadaḥ kasmād dhārayiṣyati jīvitam ||

Translation

Dengan ibu dan ayahnya binasa, dan Sugrīva pula ditimpa malapetaka, bagaimana mungkin putera muda Aṅgada dapat mempertahankan hidupnya?

Word by Word

• मातापित्रोः: of (his) mother and father
• मातापित्रोः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातृ + पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठीविभक्ति (6th/षष्ठी), द्विवचन (Dual), उभयलिङ्गसमाहारः (mātṛ f. + pitṛ m.); समासः: द्वन्द्व (copulative)

• विनाशेन: by destruction/death
• विनाशेन: करण (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विनाश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन (Singular)

• सुग्रीवव्यसनेन: by Sugriva's calamity
• सुग्रीवव्यसनेन: करण (Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक) + व्यसन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter) 'व्यसन', तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (Sugrīva's calamity)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• कुमारः: the prince
• कुमारः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुमार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• अपि: also/even
• अपि: सम्बन्ध (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधान/सम्भावनार्थक (also/even)

• अङ्गदः: Angada
• अङ्गदः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अङ्गद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कुमारः इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषण-सम्बन्धे नाम (apposition)

• कस्मात्: why/from what cause
• कस्मात्: अपादान (Ablative/हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: किम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक (interrogative), पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन; हेतौ (ablative of cause: 'why/from what cause')

• धारयिष्यति: will sustain/retain
• धारयिष्यति: क्रिया (Verb/Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: धृ (धातु)
• Form: लृट्-लकार (Future), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

• जीवितम्: life
• जीवितम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जीवित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन

Context

"On account of his parents death and also because of Sugriva's calamity, Angada will give up his life.

Characters & Entities

• Aṅgada
• Sugrīva

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is framed as responsibility toward others: Hanumān measures the moral weight of failure by the suffering it would cause to the community and its heirs, not merely by his own loss.

What is the narrative situation?

In Laṅkā, after searching and still not seeing Sītā, Hanumān reflects on the disastrous consequences that would follow if he returned without success.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Accountability and compassion—Hanumān’s concern extends to Aṅgada’s ability to endure and to the broader stability of the vānaras under Sugrīva.