Valmiki Ramayana 5.1.29 — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 1, Shloka 29

समुद्रलङ्घनारम्भः

Commencement of the Ocean-Crossing

Devanagari script

एष पर्वतसङ्काशो हनुमान् मारुतात्मजः।तितीर्षति महावेगस्समुद्रं मकरालयम्।।।।

Transliteration

eṣa parvatasaṅkāśo hanumān mārutātmajaḥ | titīrṣati mahāvegaḥ samudraṃ makarālayam ||

Translation

“Inilah Hanumān, putera Dewa Angin, sebesar gunung rupanya dan dahsyat kelajuannya; baginda hendak menyeberangi samudera, tempat tinggal para makara.”

Word by Word

• eṣaḥ: this (one)
• eṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: Sarvanāma (सर्वनाम), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• parvata-saṅkāśaḥ: mountain-like
• parvata-saṅkāśaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parvata (प्रातिपदिक) + saṅkāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) compound; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• hanumān: Hanumān
• hanumān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hanumat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• māruta-ātmajaḥ: son of the Wind-god
• māruta-ātmajaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māruta (प्रातिपदिक) + ātmaja (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) compound; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• titīrṣati: wishes to cross
• titīrṣati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: tṝ (धातु)
• Form: Desiderative (सन्नन्त/इच्छार्थक) stem; Present (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• mahā-vegaḥ: swift/with great speed
• mahā-vegaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + vega (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) compound; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• samudram: ocean
• samudram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: samudra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• makara-ālayam: abode of makaras (sea-creatures)
• makara-ālayam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: makara (प्रातिपदिक) + ālaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) compound; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन) (agreeing with samudram)

Context

"Hanuman the son of the Wind-god, who is like a mountain, with extraordinary might intends to cross the ocean, the abode of crocodiles".

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Māruta (Wind-god)
• Ocean (samudra)
• Makara (sea beings)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is the resolve to undertake danger for a righteous cause—Hanumān’s willingness to cross the perilous ocean is framed as service to truth and justice.

What is the narrative situation?

Celestial beings describe Hanumān at the moment he is about to attempt the ocean-crossing toward Laṅkā in search of Sītā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Vīrya (heroic power) guided by purpose—strength and speed are portrayed as instruments of dharmic mission rather than mere might.