Shloka 19

हनूमद्

दूत्यम् / Hanuman’s Mediation and Lakshmana’s Appeal to Sugriva

Devanagari script

पिता यस्य पुरा ह्यासीच्छरण्यो धर्मवत्सलः।तस्य पुत्रश्शरण्यश्च सुग्रीवं शरणं गतः।।

Transliteration

pitā yasya purā hy āsīc charaṇyo dharmavatsalaḥ |

tasya putraḥ śaraṇyaś ca sugrīvaṃ śaraṇaṃ gataḥ ||

Translation

Ayahandanya pada zaman dahulu ialah tempat berlindung bagi semua, penuh kasih kepada dharma. Kini puteranya itu—yang juga layak memberi perlindungan—telah datang kepada Sugriva untuk memohon naungan.

Word by Word

• पिता: father
• पिता: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (कर्तरि) ; एकवचनम् — masculine; nominative singular

• यस्य: whose / of whom
• यस्य: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् — pronoun; genitive singular (of whom/whose)

• पुरा: formerly / earlier
• पुरा: क्रियाविशेषण (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुरा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्ययम् (क्रियाविशेषणम्) — indeclinable adverb of time

• हि: indeed / for
• हि: सम्बन्धसूचक-निपात (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपातः (अव्ययम्; अवधान/हेतौ) — particle (indeed/for)

• आसीत्: was
• आसीत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकारः (अनद्यतनभूतकालः); प्रथमपुरुषः; एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम् — imperfect; 3rd person singular

• शरण्यः: a refuge / protector (worthy of being sought for refuge)
• शरण्यः: विशेषणम् (कर्तृ-विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शरण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् — adjective; nominative singular (qualifying पिता)

• धर्मवत्सलः: fond of dharma / devoted to righteousness
• धर्मवत्सलः: विशेषणम् (कर्तृ-विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्म + वत्सल (प्रातिपदिकौ)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् — tatpuruṣa compound; nominative singular (qualifying पिता); समास-विग्रहः: धर्मे वत्सलः

• तस्य: of him / his
• तस्य: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् — pronoun; genitive singular (of him/his)

• पुत्रः: son
• पुत्रः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् — masculine; nominative singular

• शरण्यः: a refuge / protector
• शरण्यः: विशेषणम् (कर्तृ-विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शरण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् — adjective; nominative singular (qualifying पुत्रः)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम् — conjunction (and)

• सुग्रीवम्: Sugriva (as the one approached)
• सुग्रीवम्: कर्म (गत्यर्थक-क्रियायाः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; द्वितीया-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् — masculine; accusative singular

• शरणम्: refuge / protection
• शरणम्: कर्म / गत्यर्थक-क्रियायाः लक्ष्य (प्राप्ति-विशेष)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गः; द्वितीया-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् — neuter; accusative singular (as goal/state with गतः)

• गतः: has gone / has resorted (to)
• गतः: क्रिया (गमन/आश्रयण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु) + क्त (प्रत्यय) → गत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः भूतकृदन्तः (भूतकालिक-कर्तरि प्रयोगः); पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-विभक्तिः; एकवचनम् — past participle used predicatively: 'has gone/has resorted'

Context

'One whose father was once a protector of dharma, a refuge to all now seeks Sugriva's shelter.

Characters & Entities

• Dasaratha
• Rama
• Sugriva

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is shown as a hereditary commitment to protection: a ruler’s duty is to be a refuge, and seeking refuge is legitimate in times of distress.

What is the narrative situation?

Hanuman argues for trusting Rama by recalling Dasaratha’s dharmic character and presenting Rama as similarly protective though presently seeking aid.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Dasaratha’s dharma-love and protectiveness; Rama’s worthiness and restraint in seeking shelter.