Valmiki Ramayana 2.111.28: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 111, Shloka 28

अयोध्याकाण्डे एकादशोत्तरशततमः सर्गः

Sarga 111: Counsel on Gurus, Parental Debt, and Bharata’s Protest

Devanagari script

विक्रीतमाहितं क्रीतं यत्पित्रा जीवता मम।न तल्लोपयितुं शक्यं मया वा भरतेन वा।।।।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.111.28

Transliteration

vikrītam āhitaṃ krītaṃ yat pitrā jīvatā mama |na tal lopayituṃ śakyaṃ mayā vā bharatena vā ||

Translation

Apa yang ayahandaku, ketika masih hidup, telah jual, telah gadai, atau telah beli—tidak mampu aku ataupun Bharata membatalkan atau menghapusnya.

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Word by Word

• विक्रीतम्: sold
• विक्रीतम्: कर्म-विशेषण (Qualifier of 'that thing')
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि + क्री (धातु) → विक्रीत (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle/PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (nom/acc), एकवचन

• आहितम्: pledged/placed in deposit
• आहितम्: कर्म-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आ + धा (धातु) → आहित (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• क्रीतम्: bought
• क्रीतम्: कर्म-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्री (धातु) → क्रीत (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• यत्: which/that which
• यत्: सम्बन्ध (Relative connector)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्ध-सूचक (relative pronoun)

• पित्रा: by (my) father
• पित्रा: करण/कर्ता-हेतु (Instrument/Agent in passive sense)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/instrumental), एकवचन

• जीवता: while living
• जीवता: विशेषण (Qualifier of पित्रा)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जीवत् (कृदन्त; शतृ-प्रत्यय)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; पित्रा इति विशेषणम्

• मम: my
• मम: षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध (Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति (genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)

• तत्: that
• तत्: कर्म (Object; 'that')
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; निर्देश-सर्वनाम (demonstrative)

• लोपयितुम्: to annul/remove
• लोपयितुम्: क्रियार्थ (Infinitival complement)
• Type: Verb
• Root: लुप् (धातु) + णिच् → लोपय (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive), क्रियार्थक (purpose)

• शक्यम्: possible
• शक्यम्: विधेय (Predicate complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शक्य (प्रातिपदिक; साध्य/योग्य-अर्थ)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण (predicative adjective)

• मया: by me
• मया: करण/कर्ता-हेतु (Agent/instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• वा: or
• वा: विकल्प (Alternative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्प-अव्यय (disjunctive particle)

• भरतेन: by Bharata
• भरतेन: करण/कर्ता-हेतु (Agent/instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• वा: or
• वा: विकल्प (Alternative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्प-अव्यय (disjunctive particle)

Context

Neither Bharata nor I can in any way annul anything which was sold, pledged or bought by my father during his lifetime.

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Bharata
• Daśaratha (father)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Commitment to binding acts and promises: dharma treats the father’s settled actions as morally and socially irreversible, preserving trust in royal word.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama argues that Daśaratha’s prior commitments cannot be overturned by successors, even if emotionally painful.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s steadfastness—he prioritizes institutional and moral continuity over personal interest.