Valmiki Ramayana 3.5.28 — Aranya Kanda, Sarga 5, Shloka 28

शरभङ्गाश्रमगमनम् तथा इन्द्रदर्शनम्

Approach to Sarabhanga’s Hermitage and the Vision of Indra

Devanagari script

मामेष वरदो राम ब्रह्मलोकं निनीषति।जितमुग्रेण तपसा दुष्प्रापमकृतात्मभिः।।3.5.28।।

Transliteration

mām eṣa varado rāma brahmalokaṃ ninīṣati |

jitam ugreṇa tapasā duṣprāpam akṛtātmabhiḥ ||3.5.28||

Translation

“Wahai Rāma, dewa pemberi anugerah ini berhasrat membawaku ke Brahmaloka—alam yang dimenangi dengan tapa yang dahsyat, dan sukar dicapai oleh mereka yang tiada penguasaan diri.”

Word by Word

• माम्: me
• माम्: कर्म (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: उत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• एषः: this (one)
• एषः: कर्ता (subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• वरदः: boon-giver
• वरदः: कर्ता (apposition to एषः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वरद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (वरं ददाति = giver of boons)

• राम: O Rama
• राम: सम्बोधन (vocative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• ब्रह्मलोकम्: to Brahma-world
• ब्रह्मलोकम्: कर्म (destination)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्म + लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (ब्रह्मणः लोकः = Brahma-world)

• निनीषति: wishes to take/lead
• निनीषति: क्रिया (action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि + √नी (धातु)
• Form: लट् (वर्तमान/Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; इच्छार्थे (intends to lead)

• जितम्: won/attained
• जितम्: विशेषण (कर्म-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जित (कृदन्त; √जि + क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; ब्रह्मलोकम्-विशेषण

• उग्रेण: severe
• उग्रेण: विशेषण (करण-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उग्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (तपस्-विशेषण)

• तपसा: by austerity
• तपसा: करण (instrument/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• दुष्प्रापम्: hard to obtain
• दुष्प्रापम्: विशेषण (ब्रह्मलोक-विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुष्प्राप (प्रातिपदिक; दुष् + प्राप)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारय (दुष् + प्राप = hard to obtain)

• अकृतात्मभिः: by those without self-mastery
• अकृतात्मभिः: अपादान/संबन्ध (comparison/agent-exclusion: 'by/for such persons')
• Type: Noun
• Root: अकृतात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक; नञ् + कृत + आत्मन्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; बहुव्रीहि (कृतात्मा न यस्य = one without self-mastery/undisciplined)

Context

O Rama, Indra, the bestower of boons, wants to take me to the world of Brahma, earned by me through severe penance which is most difficult to be attained by those devoid of self-realisation.

Characters & Entities

• Sarabhanga
• Rama
• Indra
• Brahmaloka
• Tapas (austerity)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Inner discipline as dharma: higher states are said to be gained through tapas and self-mastery, not through uncontrolled living.

What is the narrative situation?

Śarabhaṅga explains to Rāma that Indra came to escort him to Brahmaloka because of his ascetic achievements.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Śarabhaṅga’s spiritual merit (tapas) and self-control (ātma-saṃyama), presented as the basis of attainment.