Shloka 30

Hymn of Victory: Varāha, the Slaying of Hiraṇyākṣa, and the Praise of Viṣṇu

Devanagari script

आदित्यरथसंकाशं रथरत्नविभूषितम् । शातकुंभमयं दिव्यं घंटाचामरभूषितम्

Transliteration

ādityarathasaṃkāśaṃ ratharatnavibhūṣitam | śātakuṃbhamayaṃ divyaṃ ghaṃṭācāmarabhūṣitam

Translation

Kereta itu bagaikan kereta Surya, dihiasi kelengkapan permata; diperbuat daripada emas śātakuṃbha yang gemilang, bersifat ilahi, serta dihias dengan loceng dan kipas ekor yak (cāmara).

Word by Word

• āditya-ratha-saṃkāśam: resembling the sun’s chariot
• āditya-ratha-saṃkāśam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: āditya (प्रातिपदिक) + ratha (प्रातिपदिक) + saṃkāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (upamā/semblance: 'like the sun's chariot'), नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया एकवचन (Neuter, Accusative, Singular)

• ratha-ratna-vibhūṣitam: adorned with chariot-jewels
• ratha-ratna-vibhūṣitam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ratha (प्रातिपदिक) + ratna (प्रातिपदिक) + vi√bhūṣ (धातु) + vibhūṣita (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP) 'adorned', तत्पुरुष (with chariot-gems), नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया एकवचन (Neuter, Accusative, Singular)

• śātakuṃbha-mayam: made of gold
• śātakuṃbha-mayam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śātakuṃbha (प्रातिपदिक) + maya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (material: 'made of'), नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया एकवचन (Neuter, Accusative, Singular)

• divyam: divine
• divyam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: divya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया एकवचन; विशेषण (Neuter, Accusative, Singular)

• ghaṃṭā-cāmara-bhūṣitam: adorned with bells and chowries
• ghaṃṭā-cāmara-bhūṣitam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ghaṃṭā (प्रातिपदिक) + cāmara (प्रातिपदिक) + √bhūṣ (धातु) + bhūṣita (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP) 'adorned', तत्पुरुष (adorned with bells and yak-tail fans), नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया एकवचन (Neuter, Accusative, Singular)

Speaker

Unspecified narrator (context-dependent within Adhyaya 75)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Splendor and divine-like appearance can be imitated; discernment is needed to distinguish true dharmic radiance from dazzling but ego-driven power.

Application: Do not equate external success, wealth, or spectacle with virtue; evaluate intent, humility, and alignment with dharma.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Geographic Context

Type: celestial_realm

Visual Art Cues

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A colossal chariot gleams like the Sun itself, its body forged of śātakuṃbha-gold and studded with jewel fittings that catch and scatter light. Bells tremble along its edges, while white yak-tail cāmara fans sway, suggesting royal ceremony turned toward war.","primary_figures":["Divine chariot (asura’s)","Attendants holding cāmara","Implied Hiraṇyākṣa (off-frame or approaching)"],"setting":"Open sky battlefield staging ground; the chariot stands on a luminous cloud-platform with banners fluttering.","lighting_mood":"divine radiance","color_palette":["śātakuṃbha gold","sunburst orange","ivory white","ruby red","lapis blue"],"tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting style: a sunlike golden ratha dominating the panel, embossed gold-leaf bodywork with gem inlays; rows of tiny bells rendered as raised dots; attendants with cāmara fans in crisp white; ornate border with lotus medallions; rich reds and greens in textiles, heavy jewelry detailing.","pahari_prompt":"Pahari miniature style: elegant chariot in three-quarter view, delicate stippling for gold sheen; translucent cloud base; fine bells and tassels; attendants with flowing scarves; cool sky gradient with warm sun-glow halo around the ratha, refined facial features and minimal but precise ornamentation.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural style: stylized ratha with bold outlines, flat gold-yellow planes, red accents for jewels; rhythmic bell motifs; attendants with large expressive eyes holding cāmara; temple-wall symmetry and decorative vegetal scrolls framing the scene.","pichwai_prompt":"Pichwai cloth painting style: central golden chariot framed by lotus vines and floral borders; bells depicted as repeating motifs; deep blue background with gold highlights; peacocks and stylized clouds at corners; ceremonial cāmara fans rendered with intricate white brushwork."}

Audio Atmosphere

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"narrative","suggested_raga":"Yaman","pace":"moderate-narrative","voice_tone":"reverent-soft","sound_elements":["soft temple bells","wind through banners","distant conch","metallic shimmer","hushed crowd murmur"]}

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: Compounds are internal samāsa; no external sandhi to resolve beyond standard compound segmentation.

Characters & Entities

• Aditya (Surya)

FAQs

What is being described in this verse?

A divine, royal chariot—likened to the Sun’s chariot—ornamented with jewels, made of fine gold, and decorated with bells and ceremonial fans (cāmaras).

What does “śātakuṃbha” mean here?

Śātakuṃbha refers to a superior kind of gold; the verse emphasizes the chariot’s celestial splendor by stating it is made of that fine gold.

Why are bells (ghaṃṭā) and cāmaras mentioned together?

They are standard markers of sovereignty and divinity in Sanskrit literature: bells suggest auspiciousness and presence, while cāmaras signify royal honor and ceremonial attendance.