Shloka 19

The Rohiṇī–Candra Śayana Vow

Lunar Bed-Vow with Rohiṇī

Devanagari script

एवं संवत्सरं यावदुपोष्य विधिवन्नरः । व्रतांते शयनं दद्याच्छयनोपस्करान्वितम्

Transliteration

evaṃ saṃvatsaraṃ yāvadupoṣya vidhivannaraḥ | vratāṃte śayanaṃ dadyācchayanopaskarānvitam

Translation

Demikianlah, setelah seseorang berpuasa dan berikrar (vrata) menurut tatacara yang benar selama genap setahun, pada akhir vrata hendaklah ia mendermakan sebuah katil beserta segala kelengkapan alas tidur yang sewajarnya.

Word by Word

• evam: thus
• evam: Sambandha (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evam (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (प्रकारवाचक); adverb “thus/in this manner”

• saṃvatsaram: for a year
• saṃvatsaram: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (Duration)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃvatsara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन; accusative of duration

• yāvat: until/for as long as
• yāvat: Sambandha (Limit)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yāvat (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (परिमाण/अवधि); indeclinable “as long as/until”

• upoṣya: having fasted
• upoṣya: Purvakala-kriya (Prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: upa-vas (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (अव्ययकृदन्त/gerund), “उपोष्य” = having fasted; absolutive

• vidhivat: properly; as prescribed
• vidhivat: Sambandha (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vidhivat (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (प्रकारवाचक); adverb “according to rule”

• naraḥ: a man (devotee)
• naraḥ: Karta (Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; nominative singular

• vrata: vow
• vrata: Sambandha (Genitive in compound)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vrata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूप); stem in compound

• ante: at the end of the vow
• ante: Adhikarana (Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन; ‘vratānte’ = at the end of the vow (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष)

• śayanam: a bed/couch
• śayanam: Karma (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śayana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन; accusative singular

• dadyāt: should give
• dadyāt: Kriya (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dā (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (विधि), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; optative “should give”

• śayana: bed
• śayana: Visheshana (Qualifier in compound)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śayana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूप); stem in compound

• upaskara: accessories; furnishings
• upaskara: Visheshana (Qualifier in compound)
• Type: Noun
• Root: upaskara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, बहुवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूप); equipment/implements stem in compound

• anvitam: accompanied with bed-furnishings
• anvitam: Visheshana (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śayana+upaskara+anvita (प्रातिपदिक; √i (धातु) + क्त → इत/अन्वित)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; adjective agreeing with ‘śayanam’; ‘śayanopaskara-anvita’ = endowed with bed-accessories (तत्पुरुष)

Speaker

Unspecified (narratorial/teaching voice within the Adhyaya’s vrata-instructions)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: यावदुपोष्य = यावत् + उपोष्य. व्रतांते = व्रत + अन्ते (आँ/अनुस्वार-लेखन). दद्याच्छयनोपस्करान्वितम् = दद्यात् + शयनोपस्करान्वितम् (त् + श → च्छ). शयनोपस्करान्वितम् = शयन + उपस्कर + अन्वितम् (समास/सन्धि).

FAQs

What practice is prescribed in this verse?

It prescribes observing a vow with fasting for up to a year, and then completing it by donating a bed along with its necessary accessories.

Why is the donation of a bed (śayana-dāna) significant in dharma texts?

A bed symbolizes rest, shelter, and comfort; donating it is treated as a compassionate, welfare-oriented gift that completes a vow with tangible benefit to another person.

What ethical lesson does this verse emphasize?

It emphasizes disciplined observance (vidhivat) and generosity at the completion of spiritual practice—linking personal austerity with charitable giving.