Shloka 43

Instruction on All Dharma

in the context of Rāma’s Aśvamedha

Devanagari script

दिवाभिगमनं पुंसामनायुष्यकरं मतम् । श्राद्धाहः सर्वपर्वाणि यतस्त्याज्यानि धीमता

Transliteration

divābhigamanaṃ puṃsāmanāyuṣyakaraṃ matam | śrāddhāhaḥ sarvaparvāṇi yatastyājyāni dhīmatā

Translation

Hubungan seksual pada waktu siang dianggap mengurangkan umur seorang lelaki. Oleh itu, orang bijak harus menghindarinya pada hari-hari Shraddha dan semua hari perayaan suci.

Word by Word

• divā-abhigamanam: daytime intercourse/approach
• divā-abhigamanam: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: divā (अव्यय) + abhigamana (प्रातिपदिक; √gam गम् + abhi)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; समासः—अव्ययीभावः (divā = ‘by day’)

• puṃsām: of men
• puṃsām: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pumān (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6), बहुवचन

• anāyuṣya-karam: life-shortening; harmful to longevity
• anāyuṣya-karam: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anāyuṣya (प्रातिपदिक) + kara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (divābhigamanam); समासः—तत्पुरुषः (anāyuṣyam karoti iti)

• matam: is considered; opinion
• matam: Kriyā (Predicate complement/विधेय)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mata (प्रातिपदिक; √man मन्, क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle used substantively)

• śrāddha-ahaḥ: the day of śrāddha
• śrāddha-ahaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śrāddha (प्रातिपदिक) + ahan/ahaḥ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (śrāddhasya ahaḥ)

• sarva-parvāṇi: all festival/observance days
• sarva-parvāṇi: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक) + parvan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), बहुवचन; समासः—कर्मधारयः (sarvāṇi parvāṇi)

• yataḥ: because; since
• yataḥ: Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: हेतुवाचक-अव्यय (causal indeclinable: ‘because/for’)

• tyājyāni: to be avoided
• tyājyāni: Kriyā (Predicate complement/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tyājya (प्रातिपदिक; √tyaj त्यज्, यत्/ण्यत्—gerundive)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1/2), बहुवचन; विधेय-विशेषणम् (parvāṇi); कृदन्त—तव्य/य-प्रत्ययार्थः ‘to be avoided’

• dhīmatā: by the wise person
• dhīmatā: Karta (Agent-instrumental/कर्ता-तृतीया)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhīmat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3), एकवचन

Speaker

Unspecified (narratorial injunction within the Pātāla-khaṇḍa dialogue context)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: puṃsām + anāyuṣya- → puṃsāmanāyuṣya-; yataḥ + tyājyāni → yatastyājyāni.

FAQs

What practice is discouraged in this verse?

It discourages divābhigamana—sexual intercourse during daytime—stating it is regarded as reducing longevity.

Which days are specifically mentioned as times to avoid this act?

Śrāddha-days and all parva days (days of sacred observance such as festivals, fasts, or calendrical holy days) are named as times for avoidance.

What is the ethical or spiritual rationale given?

The verse frames the restraint as āyuṣya-protective (supportive of longevity) and as part of wise observance of dharma on ritually significant days.