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Shloka 5

The Description of the Glory of Dvādaśī

अज्ञातं पातकं शुष्कं ज्ञातं चार्द्रमुदाहृतम् । भाव्यं वाप्यथवातीतं वर्तमानं वदस्व नः ॥ ५ ॥

ajñātaṃ pātakaṃ śuṣkaṃ jñātaṃ cārdramudāhṛtam | bhāvyaṃ vāpyathavātītaṃ vartamānaṃ vadasva naḥ || 5 ||

Dosa yang dilakukan tanpa mengetahui disebut “kering”, sedangkan dosa yang dilakukan dengan sedar disebut “basah” (baru dan melekat). Terangkan juga kepada kami dosa yang akan datang, yang telah berlalu, dan yang sedang berlaku.

अज्ञातम्unknown
अज्ञातम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञा (धातु) + नञ् + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formनञ्-पूर्वक भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular) (पातकम् विशेषण)
पातकम्sin
पातकम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootपातक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular)
शुष्कम्dry
शुष्कम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootशुष्क (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular) (पातकम् विशेषण)
ज्ञातम्known
ज्ञातम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञा (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular)
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय (conjunction)
आर्द्रम्wet
आर्द्रम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootआर्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular)
उदाहृतम्is declared/called
उदाहृतम्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-आ-हृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular); ‘is said/called’
भाव्यम्future (to be)
भाव्यम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootभू (धातु) + यत् (कृदन्त)
Formभाव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त (future passive participle/gerundive), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular)
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय (disjunctive particle)
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अपि-भावार्थक अव्यय (also/even)
अथवाor else
अथवा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय (or else)
अतीतम्past
अतीतम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootअति-इ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP/क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular)
वर्तमानम्present (ongoing)
वर्तमानम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत् (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
Formवर्तमानकालिक कृदन्त (Present active participle/शतृ), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular)
वदस्वtell (me/us)
वदस्व:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवद् (धातु)
Formलोट् (Imperative), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन (Singular), आत्मनेपद
नःto us
नः:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/Dative)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formचतुर्थी/षष्ठी (4th/6th Dative/Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural) सर्वनाम; enclitic (context: ‘to us’)

Disciples/seekers addressing the teacher (in the Narada–Sanatkumara dialogue frame)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: jijñāsā (inquisitive/śānta-leaning)

Secondary Rasa: none

FAQs

It distinguishes moral weight by intention: wrongdoing done knowingly is more binding and spiritually “sticky,” while unintentional fault is lighter—prompting careful self-awareness and appropriate purification.

By stressing accountability and inner intention, it supports bhakti as a sincere, conscious turning toward dharma; deliberate sin obstructs devotion more strongly than inadvertent error, so a devotee cultivates vigilance and repentance.

It aligns with Dharma-śāstra style reasoning used in ritual decision-making: intention (saṅkalpa) affects the gravity of fault and thus the kind of prayāścitta (expiation) prescribed—an applied, procedural logic often used alongside Kalpa traditions.