Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 37

Nirukta, Phonetic Variants, and Vedic Dhātu–Svara Taxonomy

Devanagari script

चक्षिङेकः समाख्यातो धातुरत्रात्मनेपदी । इरादयोऽनुदात्तेतो धातवस्तु त्रयोदश ॥ ३७ ॥

Transliteration

cakṣiṅekaḥ samākhyāto dhāturatrātmanepadī | irādayo'nudātteto dhātavastu trayodaśa || 37 ||

Translation

Di sini, satu akar kata kerja “cakṣiṅ” sahaja dinyatakan sebagai Ātmanepadī (mengambil akhiran suara tengah). Dan akar-akar yang bermula dengan “irā-” ialah yang bertanda anudātta; jumlahnya tiga belas.

Word by Word

• चक्षिङ्-एकः: the single root ‘cakṣiṅ’
• चक्षिङ्-एकः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चक्षिङ् (धातु) + एक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—कर्मधारयः (एकः चक्षिङ्-नामकः)

• समाख्यातः: is declared
• समाख्यातः: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-ख्या (धातु) → समाख्यात (कृदन्त, क्त)
• Form: कृदन्तः (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगे ‘declared/said’

• धातुः: a verbal root
• धातुः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धातु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of place)

• आत्मनेपदी: Ātmanepada (middle-voice)
• आत्मनेपदी: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आत्मनेपदिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (descriptive)

• इर-आदयः: the roots beginning with ‘ir’
• इर-आदयः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इर (धातु/प्रातिपदिक-नाम) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (इरः आदिः येषाम्)

• अनुदात्त-इत्: having an anudātta it-marker
• अनुदात्त-इत्: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनुदात्त (प्रातिपदिक) + इत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन (सम्बन्धः ‘धातवः’ इति); समासः—तत्पुरुषः (अनुदात्तः इत्-चिह्नः येषाम्)

• धातवः: roots
• धातवः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धातु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थक (but/indeed)

• त्रयोदश: thirteen
• त्रयोदश: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: त्रयोदश (संख्याशब्द, प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: संख्यावाचक; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन (धातवः इति विशेष्ये)

Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada the Vedanga of Vyakarana)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

Characters & Entities

• Narada
• Sanatkumara

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It stresses that correct grammatical and accentual knowledge (Vyākaraṇa and Svaras) safeguards the integrity of Vedic recitation—supporting dharma and, ultimately, moksha-oriented practice.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Bhakti depends on faithful transmission of names, mantras, and hymns; this verse underlines the technical discipline (proper dhātu and accent understanding) that preserves accurate chanting used in Vishnu-bhakti.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vyākaraṇa and Śikṣā: it notes (1) a specific dhātu being Ātmanepadī and (2) a set of dhātus identified by anudātta accent, counted as thirteen—showing how roots are classified for correct forms and recitation.