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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 4

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

Devanagari script

अमौसशो द्वितीया स्यात्तत्कर्म क्रियते च यत् । द्वितीया कर्मणि प्रोक्तान्तरांतरेण संयुते ॥ ४ ॥

Transliteration

amausaśo dvitīyā syāttatkarma kriyate ca yat | dvitīyā karmaṇi proktāntarāṃtareṇa saṃyute || 4 ||

Translation

Kasus kedua (dvitīyā) digunakan bagi objek—iaitu sesuatu yang demi dirinya suatu perbuatan dilakukan. Maka dvitīyā dinyatakan menandai karma (objek), walaupun hubungannya terjalin melalui kata atau frasa yang menyela.

Word by Word
अम्‘-am’ (accusative singular ending)
अम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअम् (प्रत्याहार/प्रत्यय-सूचक)
Formविभक्ति-प्रत्यय-सूचक अव्यय (case-ending marker): द्वितीया-एकवचन प्रत्ययः ‘-am’
औस्‘-au’ (accusative dual ending)
औस्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऔस् (प्रत्याहार/प्रत्यय-सूचक)
Formविभक्ति-प्रत्यय-सूचक अव्यय: द्वितीया-द्विवचन प्रत्ययः ‘-au’ (औ) / ‘-aus’ in pratyāhāra listing
शस्‘-śas’ (accusative plural ending)
शस्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootशस् (प्रत्याहार/प्रत्यय-सूचक)
Formविभक्ति-प्रत्यय-सूचक अव्यय: द्वितीया-बहुवचन प्रत्ययः ‘-śas’
द्वितीयाthe accusative (second case)
द्वितीया:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वितीया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विभक्ति-नाम (name of the 2nd case)
स्यात्should be
स्यात्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; ‘may be/should be’
तत्that
तत्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; here used deictically with कर्म (‘that’)
कर्मobject (karma)
कर्म:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; predicate-noun ‘(it is) karma’
क्रियतेis done
क्रियते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive) ‘is done’
चand
च:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
यत्which (that which)
यत्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun) ‘which/that which’
द्वितीयाthe accusative (second case)
द्वितीया:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वितीया (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; पुनरुक्ति—विभक्ति-नाम
कर्मणिin the object-function
कर्मणि:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; अधिकरण ‘in the karma-function’
प्रोक्ताis declared
प्रोक्ता:
Kriya (क्रिया/statement)
TypeAdjective
Rootवच् (धातु) → प्रोक्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP) from √वच् with प्र-; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; agrees with ‘द्वितीया’
अन्तरा-अन्तरेणwithout exception/without interval
अन्तरा-अन्तरेण:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्तरा (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + अन्तरेण (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय-प्रयोग; ‘अन्तरेण’ = without/except; ‘अन्तरा’ = between/without; here as fixed expression indicating ‘without interval/without exception’
संयुतेwhen connected/associated
संयुते:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootयुज् (धातु) → संयुक्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP), सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन (locative absolute sense) ‘when connected/when joined’
Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

Characters & Entities
N
Narada
S
Sanatkumara

FAQs

It safeguards correct understanding of sacred statements: by identifying the true object of an act, one preserves the intended meaning of dharma and ritual duty.

Indirectly: precise grammar prevents misreading of devotional instructions—helping a devotee understand correctly what is to be offered, worshipped, or sought.

Vyākaraṇa (grammar): the rule that dvitīyā-vibhakti marks the karma (object) of an action, even when the object is separated by intervening words.

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